To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: essays research papers

The novel To Kill a Mockingbird begins with narrator, Scout Finch, introducing to the reader her brother Jem, her father Atticus, and her t suffer, Maycomb, Alabama. She tells us a little of her familyhistory, and then begins her story It is the summer of 1933. Scout is five, and Jem is nine. They pass the summer happily with their new friend dill, a six-year-old boy who has moved into their likeness for the summer. Theyare very curious about one of their neighbors, Boo Radley, who hasnt been seen by any one for years. The children are scared of Boo because of the morbid legends about him. Dill resolves to get him tocome out of his house, but nothing comes of it that summer. Scout dislikes school from the first morning. A few times when Scout and Jem walk home from school, they receive small gifts in the hollow oak tree at the edge of the Radley yard. When Dillreturns for the summer, the children devise a new game of acting out their own version of Boos story. One night they sneak up to the Radley house to look in at a window. Mr. Radley, Boos uncle, chasesthem off with a shotgun, and as the children flee Jems breeches get stuck in a fence and left behind. Later when Jem retrieves them, he finds that Boo clumsily mended them where the fence tore them. When school begins again, Scout and Jem find more than trinkets in the tree. They write a thank you note to whomever is leaving the things for them, but Mr. Radley cements up the knot hole. During thewinter it snows and Jem builds a snow man by do a form out of mud and then covering the mud with snow. The house of Miss Maudie, a friendly neighbor, burns down that night. While the children inhabit the fire from the street in front of the Radleys house, Boo Radley puts a blanket around Scout without her noticing. When Atticus, an attorney, is assigned to defend Tom Robinson, a innocent glowering man accused of raping a white girl, Mayella Ewell, the children are ridiculed by their classmates, other towns peop le, andeven their cousin about their father being a nigger-lover. Atticus advises the children to not let the insults bother them. Scout and Jem feel a little ashamed of their father, but when they find outthat he is famous around town for his markmanship, they become sublime of their father for being who he is.

Compare and contrast two poems that contain different representations :: English Literature:

Compare and contrast two poems that contain different representationsof school pupils.Comprehensive is a representation of a comprehensive school, in theway that the diverse mixture of cultures are included in the poem.Each pupil has a different life and culture, and the pitfalls ofcomprehensive schools are clearly shown by the way in which each pupilis represented.The first pupil is African, and homesick, and is not happy in England.It seems as though she misses her culture, and feels as though she isbeing smother by the British culture. This is also true of In WhichThe Ancient history I picture Is Not My Own. The boy represented inthis poem is homesick, and also feels stifle by the British culture,due to the fact that he is being almost forced into it, thus notallowing him to enjoy his own Irish culture. The teacher wants him tolearn The English Kings, the famous battles and Gods grace inHistory which causes him to begin to forget his own History, which heis desperately trying to h senile on to.The second pupil in Comprehensive is a boy named Wayne, who isdepicted as a stereotypical boy. He is precocious in the way he thinkshe is too old for games and believes he is old enough to supportsomething so controversial, when clearly he does not understand it toa full extent. He holds a very patriarchal view, especially when itcomes to women. He believes that they are there to have their knickerspulled down, as it were and cook for him. Such a strong attitude asthis for a pupil of only cardinal years of age inevitably will causefriction between him and his peers and teachers. And in a school ofmixed culture, this would not bode well.Although the teacher has not such a derogatory attitude as Wayne, sheis similar in the way that she has very strong views that she placesupon the schoolgirlish Irish boy in, In Which The Ancient History Is Not MyOwn. The Teacher is very patriotic, and expects the pupil of acompletely different culture to be the same about England. An exampleof this is when the teacher describes the Roman imperium as thegreatest Empire ever known- until our time of course. This is thekind of attitude that is almost stripping the boy of his patriotism ofhis own land, and restricting him from learn about his own History. Hehas had to take on another cultures history and been forced to take iton as his own.Similarities can be made between the young Irish boy and Ejaz and

Prozac Causes More Deaths than Any Other Drug Essay -- Expository Caus

fluoxetine Causes More Deaths than Any Other Drug Something is wrong with the focus on the drug war when 200,000 people die each year from prescription drugs, yet only 20,000 die from illegal drug use. Adverse reactions of prescription drugs atomic number 18 the third leading cause of death in America. In fact, people have a seven times greater chance of dying pass into their doctors office than they do getting behind the wheel of their car Every year approximately 200,000 souls die from prescription drug reactions with another 80,000 dying from medical malpractice (The International). Where is the FDA? Why do they continue to allow doctors to prescribe these drugs? How could they let it get to this point? What once was believed to be a panacia for depression has turned into Pandoras box (Tracy). slack and suicide go hand in hand. In fact, 10 to 15 percent of depressed patients commit suicide (Lieber). This is the foundation of the defense argued by Eli Lilly, churchman of Fluox etine, commonly known as Prozac, and other companies manufacturing similar drugs. Although there are some 200 court cases alleging a link between suicide and Prozac this year, Eli Lilly continues to be cleared of all liability (Prozac and Suicide). One such case was brought up in Honolulu, Hawaii. In 1993, William Forsyth Sr., who was 63 and had been on Prozac for only dickens weeks, killed his wife, June, and himself. The plaintiffs argued that the side effects of Prozac, which included nervousness, anxiety, insomnia, inner restlessness, manic behavior, self-mutilation and suicidal thoughts, were responsible for the murder-suicide. However, the Lilly spokesman said that those effects were based on no scientific information at all. He also cited that the... ...data during trial. Cnn.com. online, lendable http//www.cnn.com/2000/LAW06/09/prozaclawsuit.ap/ Lieber, Arnold. dear psyche doc,. Is there a Link between Prozac and Suicide? online, Available http //thriveonline.oxygen.com/m edical/experts/psychdoc/psychdoc.11-17-97.html Prozac and Suicide. Hells Geriatrics. online, Available http//www.hellsgeriatrics.com/prozac.htm Reaves, Jessica. Johnny s new snack Milk, Cookies and Prozac. Cnn.com. online, Available http//www.cnn.com/2000/US/02/23/kiddrugs2_23.a.tm/ Schwarzer, Kathy. Interview December 15, 2000 The International Coalition for Drug Awareness. ICFDA. online, Available http//www.drugawareness.org/ Tracy, Ann. A fewer First Hand Personal Experiences. Personal Experiences Reported to Ann Tracy, Ph.D. online, Availablehttp//members.aol.com/atracyphd/exprncs.htm

The Beginning or the End :: Eliot Wasteland Maddy Essays

The Beginning or the EndThroughout the history of the human race, there deplete been many another(prenominal) unknowns that have been investigated and many obstacles that have been over move up. However, perchance the most mysterious question to people still stands unknown to e actuallyone after all of these years. That is the question of what happens after behavior. What merciful of transition, if any, is there to a new life or whatsoever may occur after displaceing? Many people have many diverse ideas and feelings regarding terminal. Some people have rituals that are performed after a persons demise which theoretically have the purpose of providing them with a good time to come or at least reservation sure that they go there at the end of their life on earth. Regardless of what is envisioned occurring at the end of our lives here on earth, it remains that death is the biggest unknown that is left to all of mankind. And at least with our current technology, and probably that which we will have in the contiguous future, we have no way of resolution the biggest mystery of life. I will show you fear in a handful of dust. This probably wouldnt have ever become a illustrious or noticeable quote, or even a meaningful one for that matter, had it not been for the poem, The Wasteland, and also the context in which it was written. However, it is real insightful and a very deep thought which can provoke a lot of detailed and heated discussion simply because of the recognize that it surrounds. This quote is applied to the poem, The Wasteland, and also, No Past, No Present, No Future, and is tied deeply into the plot of the story. Regardless of how it is brought up or whether it is used to analyze another opus of work though, this universal concept of life, death, and whatever occurs after death is a very difficult one to approach.Excluding a few brave individuals and some removed cultures that both may welcome death or at least be open to it for spirit ual reasons or otherwise, the majority of the human population has an capacious fear of death, of the unknown. In light of this it should come as no surprise that a deep appreciation of life could be presented in any piece of writing in which it would be appropriate. The Wasteland and No Past No Present No Future are two completely different pieces of literature that very few similarities and relations to each other, especially in context and style.The Beginning or the End Eliot Wasteland Maddy EssaysThe Beginning or the EndThroughout the history of the human race, there have been many unknowns that have been investigated and many obstacles that have been overcome. However, possibly the most mysterious question to people still stands unknown to everyone after all of these years. That is the question of what happens after life. What kind of transition, if any, is there to a new life or whatever may occur after death? Many people have many different ideas and feelings regarding death. Some people have rituals that are performed after a persons demise which theoretically have the purpose of providing them with a good afterlife or at least making sure that they go there at the end of their life on earth. Regardless of what is envisioned occurring at the end of our lives here on earth, it remains that death is the biggest unknown that is left to all of mankind. And at least with our current technology, and probably that which we will have in the near future, we have no way of solving the biggest mystery of life. I will show you fear in a handful of dust. This probably wouldnt have ever become a famous or noticeable quote, or even a meaningful one for that matter, had it not been for the poem, The Wasteland, and also the context in which it was written. However, it is very insightful and a very deep thought which can provoke a lot of detailed and heated discussion simply because of the issue that it surrounds. This quote is applied to the poem, The Wasteland, and also, No Past, No Present, No Future, and is tied deeply into the plot of the story. Regardless of how it is brought up or whether it is used to analyze another piece of work though, this universal concept of life, death, and whatever occurs after death is a very difficult one to approach.Excluding a few brave individuals and some remote cultures that both may welcome death or at least be open to it for spiritual reasons or otherwise, the majority of the human population has an immense fear of death, of the unknown. In light of this it should come as no surprise that a deep appreciation of life could be presented in any writing in which it would be appropriate. The Wasteland and No Past No Present No Future are two completely different pieces of literature that very few similarities and relations to each other, especially in context and style.

The Holocaust Essay example -- History, Jewish Community

Through the course of history, the Jewish population have been mistreated, condemned, robbed, even put to remainder because of their religion. In the Middle Ages, they were forced to wear symbols on their clothing, identifying them as Jews. The dates 1933 to 1945 marked the period of the deadly Holocaust in which many atrocities were committed against the Jewish concourse and minority groups not of Aryan descent. Six million innocent Jews were exterminated because of Hitlers Final Solution. This paper will exhibit how Adolf Hitler used the three anti-Jewish policies pen in history, conversion, expulsion, and decay to his advantage. In the fourth century when the Christian church gained power in Rome, the Jews considered the Christians as a Jewish sect early on. in short their beloved Talmud was being burned because they would not accept the Christian doctrine. By the sixteenth century, the Jews were given an ultimatum, to convert to the Christian faith, wh ich was part of the first anti-Jewish policy or face expulsion. The second anti-Jewish policy was expulsion. This policy was still used when the National Socialist rose to power in 1933 (Bartov,O., 2000). After Germany surrendered in 1918, Adolf Hitler was in the hospital recovering from mustard gas poisoning. He felt the deep humiliation of and for the German Reich, and it was then the hatred and bitterness towards the people he felt were obligated began. In 1919, Hitler wrote his first and last political statement regarding the Jewish Question. He proclaimed the Jews were a Jews altogether (Wistrish, R., 2003). Hitler had three long- term idealistic goals he would parcel out with audiences as he spoke about Nationalism and the econo... ...s and sent an order for the traitors to be imprisoned. Before the Allied troops arrived, Nazi soldiers removed many Jews from the final stage camps in an effort to kill as many more refugees as they could (Rubenstein, W., 1999). Through the course of history, the Jewish people have been mistreated, condemned, robbed, even put to decease because of their religion. In the Middle Ages, they were forced to wear symbols on their clothing, identifying them as Jews. The dates 1933 to 1945 marked the period of the deadly Holocaust in which many atrocities were committed against the Jewish people and minority groups not of Aryan descent. Six million innocent Jews were exterminated because of Hitlers Final Solution. This paper exhibited how Adolf Hitler used the three anti-Jewish policies written in history, conversion, expulsion, and annihilation to his advantage.

Free Beowulf Essays: The Qualities of a King :: Epic Beowulf essays

Beowulf  The Qualities of a King            The story of Beowulf is one of courage, nobility, and heroism.  Beowulfpossesses each of these attributes both as a youthfulness prince and an elder king.These qualities allow him to become an honored king, yet theyalso lead to his death. His actions are to be viewed as a precedent foryoung princes and future kings. clear every young prince inspires to earn enough respect to become kingin their latter years.  Beowulf first earns this respect when he sails toHerot to kill Grendel, the monster that has been keeping the soldiers out oftheir home.  Upon arrival in Herot, Beowulf brags of his pastaccomplishments, in order to earn some respect from Hrothgar and his men.In my youth I have set active many brave deeds.I had bound five, destroyed afamily of giants, and at night in the waves slain water-monsters, sufferedgreat pain, avenged an affliction of the Weater-Geats on those who h ad askedfor trouble- ground enemies to bits.  And right off alone I shall settle affairswith Grendel, the monster, the demon. (Page 32)While this beast has killed many of Hrothgars men, Beowulf vows to destroyhim with his bare hands.Even after doing as he so promised, Beowulf has distillery not finished hisduties.  The following day, he is faced with another challenge killingGrendels angry mother.  When Beowulf is asked to perform this task, heaccepts whole heatedly , as he sees it as another chance to gain fame, Lethim who may get glory before death that is best for the warrior after hehas gone from life.(page 45)  erstwhile again, Beowulf returns successful in hisbattle with the monster, only to increase his popularity within his people.These courageous and heroic deeds are expected of any young or ripening prince.Clearly Beowulfs brave encounters with these monsters show his king andfollowers that he is worthy of becoming a fearless leader.  However, hisab ility to rule goes beyond those feats in battle.  Beowulf was showeredwith gifts of deluxe and riches for his tremendous achievements of killing themonsters.  This is where his manner is shown to be one of strong moral.While he could have easily kept them all for himself, Beowulf gives hisrewards to his king, Higlac as he was instructed to do.  In addition,Beowulf declined his first offering at the throne.  His sense of moralityand loyalty to Higlac tells him that it is only right for Higlacs son totake the throne before himself.  These decent acts should be wisely followed

Free Beowulf Essays: The Qualities of a King :: Epic Beowulf essays

Beowulf  The Qualities of a King            The story of Beowulf is one of courage, nobility, and heroism.  Beowulfpossesses each of these attributes both as a young prince and an elder king.These qualities allow him to become an honored king, yet theyalso lead to his death. His actions are to be viewed as a precedent foryoung princes and future kings. all the way every young prince inspires to earn enough respect to become kingin their latter years.  Beowulf first earns this respect when he sails toHerot to kill Grendel, the monster that has been keeping the soldiers verboten oftheir home.  Upon arrival in Herot, Beowulf brags of his pastaccomplishments, in order to earn some respect from Hrothgar and his men.In my youth I have set about some brave deeds.I had bound five, destroyed afamily of giants, and at night in the waves slain water-monsters, sufferedgreat pain, avenged an affliction of the Weater-Geats on those wh o had askedfor trouble- ground enemies to bits.  And now only when I shall settle affairswith Grendel, the monster, the demon. (Page 32)While this beast has killed many of Hrothgars men, Beowulf vows to destroyhim with his bare hands.Even after doing as he so promised, Beowulf has still non finished hisduties.  The following day, he is faced with another challenge killingGrendels angry mother.  When Beowulf is asked to perform this task, heaccepts whole heatedly , as he sees it as another chance to gain fame, Lethim who may get glory before death that is best for the warrior after hehas gone from life.(page 45)  Once again, Beowulf returns prospering in hisbattle with the monster, only to increase his popularity within his people.These courageous and heroic deeds are expected of any young or aging prince.Clearly Beowulfs brave encounters with these monsters show his king andfollowers that he is worthy of becoming a fearless leader.  However, hisability to rule goes beyond those feats in battle.  Beowulf was showeredwith gifts of gold and wealthiness for his tremendous achievements of killing themonsters.  This is where his manner is shown to be one of strong moral.While he could have easily kept them all for himself, Beowulf gives hisrewards to his king, Higlac as he was instructed to do.  In addition,Beowulf declined his first offering at the throne.  His sense of moralityand loyalty to Higlac tells him that it is only right for Higlacs son totake the throne before himself.  These decent acts should be sagely followed

Media And Democracy

?Media democracy is a set of ideas advocating reforming the business deal media, strengthening general service loting, and developing and participating in preference media and citizen journalism. The stated purpose for doing so is to create a mass media system that informs and empowers all fellow members of golf club, and enhances pop values. It is a liberal-democratic approach to media studies that advocates the reformation of the mass media with an emphasis on universal service broadcasting and audience participation, through the use of citizen journalism and utility(a) media channels.A media democracy focuses on using information technologies to both empower one-on-one citizens and promote democratic ideals through the spread of information. 1 Additionally, the media system itself should be democratic in its own construction 2 shying away from esoteric will power or pictorial regulation. Media democracy entails that media should be used to promote democracy3 as well a s the conviction that media should be democratic itself4 media ownership slow-wittedness is not democratic and fecal matternot resolve to promote democracy and therefore must be examined critically.5 The concept, and a well-disposed movement promoting it, pee-pee grown as a response to the increased unified domination of mass media and the perceived shrinking of the marketplace of ideas. The term also refers to a modern social movement evident in countries all everyplace the world which attempts to make mainstream media more accountable to the earths they serve and to create more democratic alternatives The concept of a media democracy follows in response to the deregulation of broadcast markets and the assiduousness of mass media ownership. In their book Manufacturing Consent The Political Economy of the Mass Media, authors Edward S.Herman and Noam Chomsky outline the propaganda model of media, which states that the private interests in control of media outlets will mod ulate news and information before it is disseminated to the reality through the use of five information filters. 6 In this way, the construction of the mass media as a for-profit enterprise behaves in a way that runs counter to the democratic ideals of a free press. Media democracy advocates that corporate ownership and commercial pressures influence media content, sharply limiting the range of news, opinions, and recreation citizens receive.Consequently, they call for a more equal distribution of economic, social, cultural, and information capital, which would lead to a more informed citizenry, as well as a more enlightened, representative political discourse. A media democracy advocates Replacing the current libertarian media modelclarification needed with one that operates democratically, rather than for profit Strengthening public service broadcasting Incorporating the use of alternative media into the larger discourse Increasing the role of citizen journalism Turning a passive audience into active participantsUsing the mass media to promote democratic ideals The competitive social system of the mass media landscape stands in opposition to democratic ideals since the com orison of the marketplace effects how stories are framed and transmitted to the public. This can hamper the ability of the democratic system to solve internal social problems as well as international conflicts in an optimal way. 7 Media democracy, however, is grounded in creating a mass media system that favours a diversity of voices and opinions over ownership or consolidation, in an effort to eliminate bias in coverage.This, in turn, leads to the informed public debate demand for a democratic state. 8 The ability to comprehend and scrutinize the connection between press and democracy is important because media has the power to tell a societys stories and thereby influence thinking, beliefs and behaviour. 9 The concept of democratizing the media has no real meaning within the terms of political discourse in Western society. Contents hide 1 Media ownership concentration 2 Media democracy movement 3 Feminism and media democracy 4 Internet media democracy 5 Criticism 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 8. 1 Books 9 External links9. 1 Journals and periodicals 9. 2 Other Media ownership concentrationedit A key idea of media democracy is that the concentration of media ownership in recent decades in the hands of a few corporations and conglomerates has led to a narrowing of the range of voices and opinions being expressed in the mass media to an increase in the commercialization of news and information to a hollowing out of the news medias ability to conduct investigative describe and act as the public watchdog and to an increase of emphasis on the bottom line, which prioritizes infotainment and celebrity news over informative discourse.Cultural studies have investigated changes in the increasing intention of modern mass media in the field of politics to blur a nd confuse the boundaries between journalism, entertainment, public relations and advertising. 10 A diverse range of information providers is necessary so that viewers, readers and listeners receive a broad spectrum of information from varying sources that is not tightly controlled, biased and filtered. 11 Access to different sources of information prevents deliberate attempts at misinformation and allows the public to make their own judgments and form their own opinions.12 This is critical as individuals must be in a position to decide and act autonomously for there to be a functioning democracy. 13 The last several decades have seen an increased concentration of media ownership by large private entities. In the coupled States, these organizations are know as the Big Six. 14 They include General Electric, Walt Disney Co. , News Corporation, Time Warner, Viacom, and CBS Corporation. A similar approach has been taken in Canada, where most media outlets are owned by national conglome rates.This has led to a reduction in the number of voices and opinions communicated to the public to an increase in the commercialization of news and information a reduction in investigative reporting and an emphasis on infotainment and profitability over informative public discourse. The concentration of media outlets has been encouraged by government deregulation and neoliberal trade policies. In the United States, the Telecommunications Act of 1996 removed most of the media ownership rules that were previously put in place. This led to a massive consolidation of the telecommunications industry. oer 4,000 radio stationswere bought out, and minority ownership in TV stations dropped to its lowest point since 1990, when the federal government began tracking the data. Media democracy movementedit Several activist groups have formed on both local and national levels in the United States and Canada in response to the convergence of media ownership. Their aim is to spread awareness about the wishing of diversity in the media landscape, and direct the public to alternative media. Additionally, these groups press for political solutions to the FCC in the United States and the CRTC in Canada to oppose any further media consolidation. 15 In the United States, the non-profit Media Access Project is a public interest law firm that advocates media democracy by protecting freedom of expression, promoteing universal and equitable glide path to media outlets and telecommunications services, and encouraging vibrant public discourse on critical issues facing our society. 16 The group has raised numerous concerns with the neoloiberalization of media in the United States in recent years, situationly with regards to media ownership, net neutrality laws, and access to the wireless spectrum.In Canada, OpenMedia.ca is a similar group that promotes media democracy by encouraging open communication systems through online campaigns, events, and workshops. In particular, the groups S top The Meter campaign to petition against proposed usage-based billing was the largest online appeal in Canadian history. 17 Feminism and media democracyedit Though the model aims to democratize the opinions expressed within the mass media as well as the ownership of media entities themselves, feminist media theory argues that the media cannot be considered truly inclusive or democratic insofar as they rely on the masculine concepts of impartiality and objectivity.18 Creating a more inclusive and democratic media would require reconceptualizing how we define the news and its principles. 18 According to some feminist media theorists, news is like fictional genres that impose order and interpretation on its materials by means of narrative. 19 Consequently, the news narrative put forward presents only one angle of a much wider picture. 19It is argued that the distinction between public and private information that underpins how we define valuableor appropriate news content is also a g endered concept. 19 The feminist argument follows that the systematic subversion of private or subjective information excludes womens voices from the popular discourse. 19 Further to this point, feminist media theorists argue there is an assumed sense of equality or equalness implicit in the definition of the public that ignores important differences between genders in terms of their perspectives.So while media democracy in practice as alternative or citizen journalism may allow for greater diversity, these theorists argue that womens voices are framed within a masculine structure of objectivity and rationalist thinking. 20 Despite this criticism there is an acceptance among some theorists that the blurring of public and private information with the introduction of some new alternative forms of media production (as well as the increase in opportunities for interaction and user-generated content) may signal a positive shift towards a more democratic and inclusive media democracy.21 S ome forms of media democracy in practice (as citizen or alternative journalism) are challenging journalisms underlying tenants (objectivity and impartiality) by rejecting the idea that it is possible to tell a narrative without bias and, more to the point, that it is socially or morally preferable. 22Internet media democracyedit The World Wide Web, and in particular Web 2.0, is seen as a powerful medium for facilitating the growth of a media democracy as it offers participants, a authority voice, a platform, and access to the means of production. 23 Because the meshing allows for each person to share information instantly with few barriers to entry across a common infrastructure, it is often held up as an example of the potential power of a media democracy. The use of digital social networking technologies to promote political dissent and reform lends credibility to the media democracy model.This is apparent in the widespread protests in the Middle East and North Africa known as the Arab Spring where social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube allowed citizens to quickly connect with one another, exchange information, and organize protests against their governments. While social media cannot solely be credited with the success of these protests, the technologies played an important role in instilling change in Tunisia,2425 Egypt,2627 and Libya.These acts show a population can be informed through alternativemedia channels, and can adjust its behaviour accordingly. Criticismedit Critics of media democracy note that in order for the system to function properly, it assumes each member of society to be an educated and active participant in the creation of media and exchange of information. In countries with a high illiteracy rate, for example, it would be next to insurmountable for average citizens to take part and fully engage with media, and adjust their behaviour accordingly in society.28 Instead of promoting democratic ideals, this would in turn fracture society into an upper-class that actively participates in creating the media, and a lower-class that only consumes it, leaving individuals open to the manipulation of information or media bias. This is not far from Nancy Frasers judge of the Habermasian public sphere, with regards to the bracketing of personal inequalities. 29 There is also a problem when trying to blend the role of journalists and traditional journalism within the scope of a media democracy.Although more media outlets are privately owned entities, the journalists whom they employ are subject to intense training, as well as a strict code of ethics when reporting news and information to the public. Because a media democracy relies heavily on public journalism, alternative media, and citizen engagement, there is the potential that all information exchanged be handle as equal by the public. Not only would this negatively effect an individuals agency in a democratic society, but run counter to the idea of a free press that serves to inform the public.

Environmental Impact of Prescribed burning in the United States Essay

The term convinced(p) tan refers to a management practice in which drop is utilize to burn a predetermined atomic number 18a under specified environmental conditions. Burning in this case is used as a management tool in areas that are penetrable to catching drop off due to the demonstrate cover that acts as give the axe load. In addition, hot is considered to be the most environmentally friendly and cheapest method of having ashen process in an eco body controlled. Prescribed sunburn in the unite States is common.In this mixed bag of burning, controlled give the axes are used to burn a specified shore up area by and by proper planning which ensures that the present weather conditions are favorable for the burning. When weather conditions are not suitable for the burn, negative impact of the zeal in the burnt areas is likely to be witnessed (Dale et al, 2009). In the United States, prescribed burning is considered to be a truly(prenominal) important management too l due to the benefits associated with it. Both the go throughowners and the United States National Forest System have been using prescribed burning for many years. jibe to the United States squirt policy in relation to the forest ecosystem, there is need to undertake prescribed burning in order to enhance the growth of commercial forests, prevent wildfire damage and to enhance fire dependent ecosystems. However, prescribed burning has been criticized for its negative impact on the environment.For instance, prescribed burning results to the clearing of land or use of land for agricultural activities that have negative effect on the environment. In this paper, the impact of prescribed burning on the environment in the United States will be discussed. The paper will focus on the effect of prescribed burning on land after it is cleared by prescribed fires. Land clearing that results from the burning impacts negatively on the vegetation, soil, water and biodiversity.ThesisIn the Unite d States prescribed burning is made necessary by the conditions in the forest ecosystems or ranches. The burning aims at preventing wildfires that can damage properly or lead to death of the lot if the open fire load on the ground encourages wild fires. In addition, the United States national forest system undertakes prescribed burning activities due to the ecological benefits that burning gives to the forests. The national forest system associates prescribed burning to the lessening of wildfire hazards, land improvement, game habitat enhancement, insect and disease management and site preparation for reforestation (Biswell, 1999).Examples of areas that have undergone prescribed burning activities include the California wild lands, Florida Flatwoods and the Southern eastern US National Forest. It is important to realize that although prescribed burning in these areas has its benefits to the ecosystem and the people it also impacts negatively on the environment over time.Negative environmental impact of prescribed burning occurs despite the fact that prescribed burning is planned in a manner that minimizes negative do of burning on the environment. This has made the issue of prescribed burning to become a subject of debate in the region .While more or less consider prescribed burning to reduce negative impact of wild fires on the environment, burning can also impact negatively on the environment. Land clearing that result from the burning has negative effect on the environment.DiscussionNegative impact of Prescribed burning on vegetation after clearing of landPrescribed burning results to the clearing of land in a predetermined area as the fire burns the fuel load. The burning has both indirect and direct negative effects after land clearing by the fire. Land clearing in turn has negative effects on the vegetation, water, soil and wildlife. The negative impact of prescribed burning in the United States has been witnessed in some areas because prescribed b urning has become a very important activity in the country. Every year, hundreds of thousands of hectares are burned.Although various methods of burning are used burn the vegetation cover in the predetermined areas, fires land the existing vegetation by either injuring or killing the entire plant or parts of the plant. This depends on the duration that the fire burns or the intensity of the fire. Prescribed burning based on the slash reduction method results to the reduction of debris.This method is also used to reduce debris in case of a natural event or road construction. When management ignited fire is used, the burning of a stand that has been established is done succession ensuring that fire does not spread beyond the predetermined area. While small trees are completely burned during the burning, larger trees may survive the fires but some of their trees may be destroyed. When fires are ignited, the burning forest fuels increase the temperatures which make it difficult for th e vegetation to survive.Since when it comes to burning the temperature of the vegetation and that of the air are very important, people who have the responsibility to ignite fires should do it when the air and vegetation temperatures cannot encourage fires that can have adverse effects on the environment. For instance, prescribed fires in the United States during winter top kill the hard woods while hardwood rootstocks are killed by summer burns. In areas where burning has not been done for a desiretime, loggerheaded organic layer that accumulates during prescribed burning leads to the cambial damage of trees.Because only little heat is required to destroy the plant cells in growing plants, burning the vegetation kills growing plants. This leads to the short and long term destruction of the vegetation which over time exposes land to repositions that impact negatively on the good conditions of the environment. unmatched short term and long term impact of prescribed burning in the Sequoia and Kings Canyon National parks in the United States is the lurch in species composition (Mary Berth, 2000). This change alters proper functioning of the ecosystem since it leads to the growth of new species while those that earlier existed and are not tolerant to fire before the fire fail to regenerate.These two parks are located in Californias South Nevada areas. The parks cover about 864, 383 acres of land and prescribed burning in these two parks was made necessary by the desire to initiate ecological benefits in the parks. The two parks prescribed fire programs were developed in 1969 and continues to be implemented in order to reduce fuel hazard problem that may result from heavy surface fuel loads. Though the fires have been used to reduce the damage that may result from severe wild fires, change in species composition due to the clearing of land by fires has over the years been witnessed in the parks.Fires have limited the growth of species that are not tolerant to t he fire ignited over a long time. For instance, the increase in relative density of the giant Sequoia due to prescribed fires over a long time has altered the growth and choice of some other plant species. The successful fire regimes restoration in the parks has encouraged the regeneration of the species that are fire-adapted at the expense of the species that are less-adapted to fire. The reduction of fuel load and the restoration of forest structure after the fires alter the number and pattern of growth of plant species. The parks have conifer forests rule by the sequoia species.The change in the species number in a forest ecosystem affects the proper functioning of the natural ecosystem and this may lead to bare ground and soil erosion when plants and animals that promote proper functioning of the ecosystem are eliminated from the environment.In ecologically sensitive habitats in the United States, prescribed fires have had adverse effects on the regeneration and survival of pl ant species. For example, the riparian areas in a forest system. A study carried out to determine the effect of prescribed fire on the riparian areas in the Dark Canyon area showed that the fire consumed 90 per cent of the ground fuel, 79 per cent of the riparian zone pre-fire fuel, and 34 per cent of the total surface fuel. The fire significantly reduced the percentage cover of the surface vegetation (Beche et al, 2005).As compared to the unburned areas, the burned area showed a change in the plant taxa richness after the regeneration of vegetation. The reduction in plant taxa cover and richness changed the under story riparian vegetation participation composition. These changes show that when an area experiences prescribed burning for a long time, disappearance of some species can lead to reduction in the percentage of vegetative cover.In the California Oak woodlands, the Native Americans used fire to have the Oak woodland vegetation altered. Prescribed fires are considered to re duce the under story woody vegetation and have the tree density is lowered. After the fires, regeneration may result to growth of vegetation in patches. Since the settlement of Euro-Americans in the area, prescribed fire ignited in an ecosystem to create land for livestock ranches has removed the vegetation cover and instead encouraging the growth of plant species that are good for pasturage production.The woody vegetation in the area has been affected.Eventually, reduced vegetation cover has made it easy for soil to be exposed to either wind or rain erosion.Prescribed fires in Oregons Mixed conifer forests of Crater Lake over the years have altered species composition by killing species that are not fire resistant while providing favorable conditions for the regeneration of fire-resistant species (Agee, 2003). The Crater Lake National park has in the past prescribed a fire program that aims at increasing growth of pine trees and killing of the white fir tree species in the park. Natural ecosystems can undergo succession to form forests that are dominated by the hardwood.The southeast region in the United States is considered to be the most fire dependent area in the country. The removal of fuel loads in burned areas impacts negatively on the environment when over time plant species that support proper functioning of an ecosystem are eliminated. This makes an ecosystem to be vulnerable to changes that have adverse effects on the environment.

Jharkhand State Essay

Jharkhand is poorest state of country due to broad loot & naxalite problems.No development has taken place due to massive rotting & change of eight govts in span of 12 years.Most of political leaders are using this state as grazing field retarding the progress.The govt machinery is thoughroughly undermentioned path of corrupt CMs & ministers of past govts.Now President rule is imposed which is serious challege for govt to speed up progress on warfooting & naxalite menace to be curbed on lapse priority basis who are looting & killing innocent people for extortion.There is no difference between corrupt politicians & naxalites as both are fulfilling their aspiration to amass wealth.Thirdly corruption is to be curbed on top priority basis by dismissing corrupts from service immediately followed by seizure of all mislabeled assets acquired by them by looting state exchequer.Forthly a CBI inquiry is must against all corrupt politicians & officials followed by seizure of their all ass ets.The corruption cases must be decided by fast track courts for convicting culprits within timeframe since large nos of corruption cases of Maulyam,laloo,Mayawati,Jayalalitha,Raja,Kalmadi,Kanimuzhi are pending in different courts since several decades which is encouraging massive corruption in country.Congress govt is also connived with these corrupt leaders in delaying these cases which branded Congress as most corrupt party of country & people muzzy all faith.This will have very serious repercussions for the party in coming elections which may lead to humialiating defeats in future if remedial measures are non taken immediately by passing Lok pal Bill.1/3 women reservation in parliament & assemblies,debarring criminals from entering politics as directed by sovereign Court & Chief Election commissioner.Anna is going to launch mass movement from 30th January13 which will ensure defeat of all corrupt parties who deceived the nation on above issues.Pranab Mukherjee, the President of India on 18 January 2013 imposed Presidents Rule in Jharkhand. The decision came as a follow up of the good word made by the Union Cabinet of India on 17 January 2013 and fall of the state machinery in form of Government on 8 January 2013 after the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha the documentation party to BJP led Coalition Government withdrew its support from it.The President imposed the Rule on the state following the provisions of imposition of Presidents Rule on a state mentioned under Article 356 (1) of the Constitution of India, after the failure of Constitutional Machinery in the state.Madhukar Gupta, the former Union folk secretaire and K. Vijay Kumar, the former Central Reserve Police Force Director General has been appointed as the advisers to the Governor of Jharkhand, Syed Ahmed.Madhukar Gupta He retired as the Union Home deposit in June 2009. He is a former Uttrakhand Cadre IAS OfficerK. Vijay Kumar He is an IPS officer of the Tamil Nadu Cadre He has served as an adviser in the Ministry of Home Affairs for dealing with Naxal and internal security issues

Death of Salesman Analysis Essay

Women assume various roles in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman. Mainly we find them in the home, or the workplace. For us, they serve as windows to observe and formulate an opinion of the main character, Willy Loman and his boys Happy and pommel. For reference, the women include, Linda Loman (Willys wife) the boys childhood and current girls/women, The Woman (Willys mistress), and Jenny (Charleys secretary). Notably, there argon several aspects that unify these women.First, they ar subordinate to the men second, they ar emotionally or materially dependent third, the men are mutually dependent on the women for emotional or physical needs and fourth, they serve as male ego supporters. Moreover, the women are portrayed as weak. Granted, societal views of womens roles cook drastically changed over the past seven decades, the womens characters in Death of Salesman have not.Miller skillfully navigates us through and through the past and present in order to capture a comp allowe imag e of Willys life. I leave behind attempt to do the same with Linda Loman. I selected her because of her distinctive propensity to be overly protective of Willy. My intention is not to understate the relevance of the other women. Yet, my concentrate on on Linda is based on my opinion that she is the central female figure and best ambassador to reveal Willys dynamic nature.Willy Youre my foundation and support, Linda. (1216)We are introduced to Linda in the present. For the time and even for today, she is the ideal Ameri scum bag wife. Caring, nurturing, supportive, and loyal to her husband and children. Yet, today, one may say overly supportive. A captive of the time period, she is stay putrict and therefore, emotionally and financially dependent on her husband. While here, we are able to feel her comforting and sheltering nature. She selflessly protects Willy from his insecure thoughts, his children, and acknowledging his financial failures. Yet, she cannot guard him from his de pression and suicidal attempts and ideations.The guess opens with Willy prematurely returning from a sales trip. He is explaining to Linda that he could not maintain mental focus and that the car kept veering piddle away onto the shoulder of the thoroughfare. As we pass on come to know, she is well aware that Willys mental status is declining. She deflects the blame by saying, Oh. Maybe it was the steering again. I gaint think Angelo knows the Studebaker. (1213) Willy accepts responsibility, No, its me (1214) Nonetheless, she continues to divert the cause by saying, Maybe its your ice-skating rinkes(1214) Her well-intended effort to be supportive is unfortunately enabling Willys serious nervous breakdown to be ignored. In the literary sense, it is an example of situational irony. Her intention to be helpful is not actually helping. For us, it is in this moment with Linda, that we instanter realize that Willy is undergoing serious internal and external stress. It is manifest ing into depression, mumbling, mental and physical wandering, and severe depression. It will proliferate throughout the play, and tragically, be the cause of his final decision.During their conversation we are also introduced to the adult boys, Biff and Happy. Linda informs Willy that the boys are both sleeping, and that, Happy took Biff on a date tonight. (1214) The report automatically generates interest in Willy. Which, we can translate to blotto, Willy is in favor of his boys be in the company of women. As the conversation continues we are made aware of the tension that exists between Willy and his oldest son, Biff. As well, Linda lets us know that Willy has a staying power. She tells him, You shouldnt have criticized him, Willy, especially after he just got off the train. You mustnt lose your temper with him. (1215) For me, his temper is validated by his response, When the hell did I lose my temper? (1215)Typically, a non-temperamental person would not respond in that manner . As they continue on the result of Biff, we get the first glimpse of Willys contradictory nature. At one moment Willy says, Biff is a lazy bum (1215) While in a follow up comment he says, Biff Loman is lost. In the grea interrogation country in the world a young man with such in the flesh(predicate) attractiveness, gets lost. And such a hard worker. Theres one thing about Biffhes not lazy. (1215) Well, which is it? Is Biff lazy, or not? Willys contradictory tendency will be further exemplified. I find a touch of comical irony, when prior to going to the kitchen, for a glass of milk, he asks, Why am I always being contradicted? (1215)While in the kitchen, we go back in time with Linda and Willy. We nab that her support of Willy has endured the test of time, as have his inconsistencies. The jr. Linda asks, Did you sell anything? (1224) At first Willy says, I did five light speed taxation in Providence and seven hundred gross in Boston. (1224) Linda wants to tabulate his commissio n so she retrieves a pencil and paper from her apron pocket. She number-crunches and replies, Two hundredmy God Two hundred and twelve dollars (1225)in one case he realizes that there will be an expectation to produce that money, he back-peddles and says, Well, I didnt figure it yet, but (1225) She is persistent, How much did you do? Then a more realistic figure emerges, Well, II didabout a hundred and eighty gross in Providence. Well, noit came toroughly two hundred gross on the whole trip. (1225) As easily as Linda can do the math, so can we. Willys original report claims approximately 1,200 gross. When realistically his entire trip probably netted 200 gross. If we are inclined to believe that estimate as honest, he has overinflated his sales by six propagation the actual amount.After realizing that the actual commission amount is not enough to cover the monthly expenses, a dialogue ensues that reveals another incongruence and his insecurity. Willy states, Oh, Ill knock them non viable next week. Ill go to Hartford. Im very(prenominal) well liked in Hartford. You know, the trouble is Linda, people dont seem to take to me. (1225) Again, in the same sentence he contradicts himself. I think we can all relate to feeling less than at some point in our lives. Since, I know I can, his previous and following statement elicits empathy on my part. He claims that people are laughing at him when he goes to his sales calls. He doesnt know the reason, he is just aware. Lindas perpetual support of Willy continues, Oh, dont be foolish and Why? Why would they laugh at you? Dont talk that way, Willy. (1225) She continues to console him and coddles his fragile ego by replying, But youre doing wonderful, dear. Youre making seventy to a hundred dollars a week. (1225) There is something to admire about her positive outlook.Willy continues to share his feelings about his diminished sense of self-worth. This time, it comes from his critique of his physical image, Im fat. Im very foolish to look at, Linda. I didnt tell you, but Christmas time I happened to be calling on F.H. Stewarts, and a salesman I know, as I was going in to see the buyer, I taked him say something aboutwalrus. And II cracked him right across the face. I wont take that. I simply will not take that. But they do laugh at me. I know that (1226) I would like to necktie your attention to the opening scene where Linda cautions Willy about his temper. We are now in the past, and we have a tangible example of Willys temper. In this case, it has even erupted into violence. Linda doesnt even bat an eye when he tells her that he hit someone. Instead, she is the constant pillar that supports his ego, Willy, darling, youre the handsomest man in the world (1226) Really, Linda? I cant imagine my husband telling me he hit someone and not be compelled to probe him further about the incident.Through Willys reminiscent daydreams, we hear the laughter of a woman, who will later be revealed as The Woman, hi s mistress. (1226) Willy has just added another criteria to analyze him against. He is unfaithful to his committed and loving wife. Until now, I could sympathize with Willys insecurities, even understand his need to overinflate his earnings and maybe even relate to his temper. But, positioned against my own moral standards, I dont dread for a womanizer. Nor would I make an exception if the roles were reversed. He pulls away from the memory and declares, Youre the best there is, Linda, youre a pal, you know that? On the roadon the road I want to grab you sometimes and just kiss the life outa you. (1226) Anyone who understands simple psychology realizes that it is guilt that moves him to profess affection for his wife. Yet, a key term he uses provides insight to how he actually views her, youre a pal.These words cannot be misconstrued to mean I love you, you mean the world to me, and I cant wait to rush home to you. As a matter of fact, he retreats into his memories and we spend time with The Woman. In this brief moment we can conclude that his mistress provides an outlet when hes on the road, she fuels his ego, and she suits his purpose by being able to send him this instant into the buyers. In return, he fulfills her material need for stockings. (1227)Back from his memory of The Woman, we are still in the past where he is remembering a scene of Linda mending her stockings. He commands her to throw them away. Although we already know Biff and Happy from their own earlier dialogues and Willys memories (which I did not address), it is here that Linda provides insight into younger Biff. She tells Willy that Biff must return a football that he stole from the school, and that he is also too rough with the neighborhood girls. (1227) Willy is annoyed with Biff and he explodes at Linda when she urges him to do something about Biffs behavior. (1228). It is important to know, all of Willys past memories and mumblings have occurred while he went down to the kitchen for that glass of milk.Finally, we survive at the kitchen, in the present. This part does not include Linda. Yet, I find it important to include because this exchange contains a missed opportunity. Not that there werent several others. Happy comes down to check on Willy. He finds his come mumbling, and out of concern and sadness, Happy tells him that he will financially provide for the rest of Willys life. In expressing his frustration with Happys claim to retire him for life, Willy makes an explicit cry for help, Youll retire me for life on seventy goddam dollars a week? And your women and your car and your apartment, and youll retire me for life Christs sake, I couldnt get past Yonkers today Where are you guys, where are you?The woods are animated I cant drive a car (1228) And there it is A desperate, agonizing plea for attention, Where are you guys? The woods are burning. He realizes his condition, he is begging to be acknowledged, begging for attention, and begging for help He fe els alone in his suffering. I could imagine his desperation, and we would not be gracious if we too did not feel his pain. The neighbor, Charley enters, and Happy is sent away. In the interest of focusing on Linda, we will fast forward through this part. Yet, during Charleys determine and through Willys memories, we meet an influential character in Willys life (his successful brother Ben). Charley leaves after a heated round of cards. Yet, we catch ones breath in the kitchen while Willy heads outside.Linda comes looking for Willy in the kitchen. Both boys come down to discuss their fathers apparent troubling condition. Instead of addressing it, she scolds them both for being judgmental of their father. Happy transfers his anger onto Biff and blames his fathers condition on Biffs failures. This scene foreshadows the underlying trouble between Biff and his father. Linda asks Biff, Why are you so hateful to each other? Why is that? (1235) Biff is reluctant to admit that he is resent ful towards his father. She cautions that one day the boys will try to come home and there will be strangers in the house. Biff replies, What are you talking about? Youre not even sixty, Mom. She reminds him that his father is not doing well and goes on to say, Biff, dear, if you dont have any feeling for him, then you cant have any feeling for me. (1235)This is an please symbol that all families are interconnected, and we each play an integral role. In a passionate plea she proclaims, You cant just come to see me, because I love him. She goes on to acknowledge Willys character flaw, I know hes not easy to get along with nil knows that better than mebut(1235) Willy enters the kitchen and he is delighted to see Biff. His erratic behavior is puzzling, and Biff asks, What the hell is the matter with him? Linda defends Willy, as if from a physical threat, Dontdont go near him Out of disgust, Biff snaps, Stop making excuses for him He always, always wiped the floor with you. Never had a n ounce of respect for you. (1235) This is a loaded, emotional and hurtful comment. But, we will easily unpack why Biff feels that his father has not cherished his mother.Another scene, that does not directly involve Linda, is a mandatory addition. Nearing the end, we come to know that the younger Biff caught his father with The Woman in a hotel, while his father was on a business trip. (1267) The buzz off grants Biff a moment of clarity, it also permanently shatters his image of his father. Ultimately, she is the measure that Biff judges his father by. In that hotel room, the reality of his fathers jumped-up persona crystallizes. He calls him a liar, and a fake. (1268) We will come to understand that this pivotal moment created a fissure that could neer be filled. Inevitably, it altered the reach of events in Biff and Willys lives, not to mention Lindas. They remain distant from that moment forward. Poor Linda is never directly told about the affair, which is the sole reason of why Biff resents his father, and the ultimate reason that has caused Willy to be so depressed.The most important detail I have saved for last. As I first claimed, I found Linda to be the most important woman that brings Willy into perspective for us. Early on, Linda confesses to her boys that Willy has deliberately smashed the car on two separate occasions, (1237) and that she has found a hose in the basement that he intended to connect to a gas line. Just prior she delivers a very heartfelt command to her boys. For us, Linda sums Willy up, Willy Loman never made a lot of money. His name was never in the paper. Hes not the finest character that ever lived. But hes a human being, and a terrible thing is happening to him. So attention must be paid. Hes not to be allowed to fall into his telling like an old dog. Attention, attention must be finally paid to such a person. (1236)There we have it, Willy has attempted suicide and continues to be anguish with his ideations. Unfortunately , his final suicide attempt is successful. What a strange word, successful can be when used to describe death by suicide. But, in Willys mind, through death he could attain financial success, make a lasting impression with his sons (mainly Biff) another form of success to Willy, leave 20K for Linda (huge success), and have everyone acknowledge him with a big send off (success in the form of recognition). As we know, in the end, it did not play out that way. The few people in attendance did not view his death as a success. What he left behind was pain.

Seven Wonders

About a atomic number 53 hundred years after the Statue of Zeus came the Temple of Artemis. It was built in the antique city of Ephesus, or modern day Turkey. The architect Theodorus probably built the incredible temple, and he most likely did so to honor the Greek Goddess of the Moon, Artemis. Tragically, a man named Herostratus set the Temple of Artemis on fire along with a group of Goths in an flak to have his name go down in history. He managed to do so and city officials tried to enforce a new law stating that if any wiz citizen of Ephesus mentioned his name, they would receive the death penalty the attempt failed.All of religion at this point declined because Artemis did not protect her temple. The structure as well as the story is terrific. Measuring about three hundred feet by one hundred fifty feet, and the one hundred twenty seven columns each having a heighth of about sixty feet, one can well see how the Temple of Artemis means of construction are a complete mistery. Theodorus built the columns so that they had proportions to the human body. Aside from that, it was completed around 440 B. C. and took approximately one hundred twenty years to manufacture.Such strenuous man labor classify this temple as one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Contemporary to the Temple of Artemis was the Mausoleum, which was laid in Halicarnassus, or present day Turkey. It all began when Mausolus took over with Artemisia. In 353 B. C. , Mausolus died, leaving his wife Artemisia, who was also his sister, incredibly depressed. In honor of Mausolus, she decided to build him the most splendid tomb in the known world. The Mausoleum surprisingly managed to remain intact after over sixteen centuries.It went through many hardships and risky situations, one being the reign of Alexander the Great, and yet somehow never fell apart. It did, however, eventually collapse when a severe sequence of earthquakes passed in the fifteenth century. conflicting the other Wonders of the World, this building did not rely on size, but rather on beauty to catch the eyes of modern people. That is to say, the Mausoleum was so beautiful and extraordinary that it became one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Numerous poems Essay

Numerous metrical compositions tackle the theme of loneliness using invented or any of the variety of available poetic forms. Most often, the feeling is expressed by means of either a single and extended metaphor or through a number of interconnected imageries with the purpose of creating a tight and unified turn that would arouse the readers empathy towards the poems meaning. In poems like these, the focus is the metaphors employ to put the theme across. The form is also important, but indirect to content.However, for other poets meaning can be conveyed equally by both content and form. For e. e. cumming, the form can even rank the metaphor. His post-modernist poem jerk falls on loneliness illustrates how structure can be used to communicate the meaning of a poem even more(prenominal) that its metaphor, thus evoking varied and more vast experiences with the reading. The nine-line poem consists of one to five letters per line. Seven lines are made up of two letters each, on e line has three letters, opus the longest final line has five.The entire poem spells out the word loneliness. The word is interrupted, however, by a phrase written inside a parenthesis a leaf falls. The interruption occurs after the commencement letter, cutting off the letter l from the rest of the word. The irregularity in the mathematical group of letters is not arbitrary. The form of the poem obviously seeks to approximate the fall of a leaf. One could imagine the leaf as it sways from side to side, then twirls in space looking like a narrow spinning band, until it eventually rests flat on the ground during the poems longest final line.The ocular fall makes the reader understand the poems metaphor loneliness, like a falling leaf, is a sinking feeling. The image of a falling leaf is a cliche but e. e. cummings makes his poem different not only by employing a unique structure scheme but also by putting both the metaphorical image and the theme stated plainly together in the po em. A greeting card or an critic exposition would attempt to define the word loneliness. An inferior poet would only focus on the falling leaf metaphor and wax poetic intimately the possible meanings behind the image.Cummings put both together and in the process does not only call the readers attention to the connecter of the words with the image but, because of the placement of the letters, raises other points of discussion. For instance, the detachment of the letter l from the word loneliness only means that to be lonely means to be detached from the rest of humanity as much as a falling leaf gets detached from the rest of the leaves in a branch. This is further emphasize with the parenthesis, another symbol of breaking-off one part from the whole where it came from.Still another interpretation for the interruption may be that the feeling of loneliness occurs when ones life is interrupted by the sight of a falling leaf, which is a metaphor for many sad things in life. Also, th e letter l in the first line, which reappears on the eighth line, may also be read as the number one, a solitary figure. A lonely person feels alone. Finally, the poems form and metaphors bring upon the readers mind other images of loneliness. The metaphor of the falling leaf recalls autumn with its falling leaves, people at the brink of remnant or snow on a bleak winters night falling on a desolate landscape.All these pictures are used in many poems expounding on the same theme and all these associations will be awakened within the reader because while the poem is sparse, it has the business leader to involve the reader to deep thought. Meanwhile, the slimness of the poem evokes the briefness of life. At the same time, it could mean the fluid downward movement of life, after one has passed the original of life, the individual slows down to old age until he dies, and nothing would remain eventually. At first glance, the disinterested reader may think that e.e. cummings has emplo y gimmickry with leaf falls on loneliness. Closer inspection and repeated readings would prove, however, that unlike most poems whose beauty rests on the metaphors used in the lines, the form of a poem can also be exploited to be the metaphor itself. It can elicit so many associations, making the reading more profound as when one tries to make meanings out of words in another poem. Cummings poem is a great example of how form can also dictate the beauty of a poem.

Domestic and Community Violence Essay

internal abuse and fry abuse cases have been on the rise in the recent past make tiddler and human rights activists to seek for ways of containing the situation. Previous studies have concluded that the cases of child abuse and domestic force play have risen in America and the world at large because of poor approaches use to contain them. In addition, the shocking news that more(prenominal) than 1,200 children die each year due to child abuse and a good percent be on of them ar girls less than 16years is worrying both parents and teachers.The rise in military unit prevalence has been attributed to poor child upbringing, poverty, modernization, lack of knowledge and neglect because studies have proved that mistreat children testament abuse their children in future etc (Nocav and Bourbonnais, 2002) The following issues indicate different stories First, the U. S Advisory calling card on Child Abuse has suggested that both child abuse and domestic violence may be the single m ajor precursor to the main fatalities in the country hence the seriousness of the matter.This has come at a time when a survey conducted early this year found out that school age children who witness and exhibit violence of every form not only in their families but as well as in the churches, towns or schools suffer from problems much(prenominal) as anxiety, depression and violence towards their peers. This calls for urgent strategies to prevent and steer them at once. The best of them is the use of teachers to counsel the abused children, report suspected cases or take any necessary action that will be equal. Teachers and domestic violence initiative programIt has been noticed that more and more cases of child and domestic violence go unnoticed because of stigmatization or fear of retribution in particular by children. The main solution according to this program is to use the interactive ability of our teachers in schools to strictly follow any cases of suspected child abuse each directed to the child or to the parents. Children are very talkative especially with good interaction with their teachers are golden opportunities that can be used to assist those fighting the vice to get access to unreported cases.The objective of this program is to reform system and community responses of abuse of children and their families. All people today face the challenge of developing intensify policies and programs to meet the increased need for curbing child abuse cases. This program will therefore procure that members of the community respond immediately to allegations of child and women abuse. This report will deal with a program suitable for teachers in our schools to be in the front line in preventing domestic violence in our society. (Lupton and Power, 2002)The program considers the motivational tactics of getting teachers interact with their children outside the classroom and that they get the opportunity of knowing the problems children sustain while in class. It is obvious that childrens performance while in class reduce especially for abused children. In this program, teachers especially those teachers who teach children in lower grade classes will be taken through training sessions on how to interact more effectively with their students in class. The training sessions will besides include learning the signs of domestically abused of sexually abused childrenThe program will involve the usage of services from survivors and activists who will keep the tracers well informed and properly equipped with the skills to handle, report and discuss cases of violence through the children. In that case, the children will be able to inform their teachers that their parents were quarrelling last night, they were raped last week or even misused over the weekend. These and other reporting tactics will be total in helping the police to further investigate the allegations.As long as they will be funds to help schools identify troubled and tro ubled children at an early stage, it will be feasible to rectify any impacts that might have been created by the abuses children go through. This program will therefore go a long way in boosting reconciliation and cutting incidences of crime and violence in our schools and society. When children are troubled and very disruptive in schools and at home, that is a sign of warning that children are either not being taken care of or they are experiencing some bad habits at home. It is consequently that teachers, parents and counselors come to look for causes of the wearied behaviors.The program described above will help in ensuring that such kind of strategies is achieved. (Nocav and Bourbonnais, 2002) Conclusion Teachers have a role to play in eradication domestic violence and child abuse in our society. They can do so by creating close interactions with their students who will and then reveal what happens behind the curtains either to themselves or the house-help or any of their par ents. Since the teachers will be given the opportunity to learn more about social and domestic violence, then it will be possible to transmute social and institutional norms that perpetuate family violence in the future.Together with other domestic violence programs, child welfare agencies and community organizers everybody can take part in forming effective collaborations and build partnership that will at the long run promote safe and health families. References Nocav, S. and Bourbonnais, C. (2002) No Room of Her Own. A belles-lettres Review on Women and Homelessness CMHC Ottawa Lupton, R and Power, A. (2002) Social elimination & Neighborhoods. In Understanding Social Exclusion Hills J, Le Grand J. & Piachaud D. Edn pp. 118- 140 Oxford Oxford University Press.

Curriculum packages,proposals or prescriptions? Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

This exposition ordain explore virtually of the major benefits of an adaptive approach to course implementation in Zimbabwe, as a pose to an adoptive approach, viz. increased professional autonomy and creative freedom for instructors, relevance to learner demographics and a wholesome teaching experience. Considerations exit also be made of the constraints of such an approach, chiefly the issue of resource intensity, accountability and control. It will also outline the applicability of an adoptive approach, in Zimbabwes examination oriented educational system, where homogeneity of delivery at the peripheral direct is of essence. A program provides the framework for how and when to teach what.McKimm (2007) suggests, the curriculum defines eruditeness outcomes, timetables, content, appropriate teaching methods and assessment instruments. Materials such as teachers guides, recomm conclusioned text books and syllabi for each font all form part of the curriculum package. In th e Zimbabwean context, the curriculum package is arranged by the centre, called the Central Curriculum Development Unit (CDU). The CDU prepares and distributes the curriculum package to the various provinces via the district office to the schools. pickings the curriculum as a proposal is manage using it as a prop on the stage, its a mere accessory, and it accentuates the core theme of the story.It gives the setting while the actual script is in the hands of the director and cast who are the teacher and the learners respectively. In this case, modifications bathroom be made to conform to the geographical and social location of the learners. While a prescriptive approach implies the curriculum package is a script which is to be aped word for word and gesture by gesture, mimicking the demands of the examination. A prescription enforces rules about how a subject should be taught as such the teacher is wish well a drill sergeant implementing objectives in finite timeframes.To begin wi th, Ndawi and Maravanyika (2011), argue that education and human experiences are too wide and too knotty to be reduced down to specifiable and measurable objectives. From this tenet, one can contend that when a curriculum package is used as a recommendation rather than dogma the teacher can compute every exchange as an opportunity for learning to occur, even when tacitly expressed in the curriculum package. Using this approach, the teacher is limited neither by explicit goals nor by resources, which are sometimes in short supply in resettlement schools, but rather empowered to incorporate innovative tactics, replete creativity and a wholesome range of experiences into his instruction.The product is a well-rounded and adaptable member of the wider society. By contrast having a prescribed curriculum, with exacted and measurable goals, unambiguous methods, specified teaching aids and finite timeframes, is a motivating factor for teachers in the Zimbabwean context where incentives in spire those whose pupils attain a certain level of academic prowess, measured strictly through structured examinations. Thus, it can be said that the system rewards homogeneity more(prenominal) than heterogeneity.What Lawton (1980) terms teachers legitimate desire for professional autonomy has been motivated by the pronouncement by the Zimbabwean ministry of education to develop the standard of the teaching fraternity by awarding degreed teachers with job security and a disparate pay scale from that of their diploma holder counterparts. This trend of authorization and upward mobility can sustain a proposal based approach, which requires highly trained and resourceful teachers. To this end, it is profitable to approach the curriculum package as a suggested plan of action or recommendation, as it fulfills the teachers need to express his ingenuity and self actualise.On the contrary, this adaptive approach can be resource intensive. It takes expertise to enforce variations in curri culum delivery, and training this highly skilled manpower whitethorn not be financially feasible for the ministry of education. Where teachers are minimally trained or untrained as in the case of temporary teachers in Zimbabwe, the prescriptive slant tends to be enormously helpful as it defines exactly what to teach, when to teach it and how it should be taught. Textbooks and teachers guide explicitly state procedure.The Indian bailiwick Council of Educational Research and Training (2006) asserts, diversity of languages, social customs, manners, mores and uneven economic development, the needs and demands of individuals and society will have differential pulls on the school curriculum, varying from one region to the other. Similarly, in Zimbabwe an adaptive approach can cater for the range of abilities, tribal nuances and economic strata found in any school confederacy or classroom. In this light, the teacher is given room to improvise using locally available material, from the c ommunitys culture and landscape, to instance learner demographics, thus the learning experience becomes socially relevant, meaningful and learners ready a sense of ownership of their education.Adversely, Lawton (1980), in this statement, secondary-modern-school curricula, often lacked structure and purpose, alludes to the unconstructiveness, that can be generated by a laissez-faire approach to curriculum interpretation, where teachers have extensive flexibility to manipulate their instruction to suit the demographics of their community rather than the universal values which may be tested at Grade 7, O Level and A Level examinations.The prescriptive approach to curriculum implementation satisfies thepolitical need for some kind of system of accountability Lawton (1980), as in the Zimbabwean case where there are well more state funded rural day schools than there are independent ones. When the prescriptive approach is unambiguously applied, teachers can account for their time and the resources the state has invested in the system by way of mid and end of term and final examinations, whereas, hybrid varieties of curriculum are more complex to control, monitor and assess. Delivery problems can be easily diagnosed and corrected. Again, variations may tend to be too localized, producing a breed of learners with limited regional or international marketability in this era of globalization and the information boom. In a subject like science and mathematics there is not much scope for local variations and the adoption of common textbooks in all parts of the country is feasible.Eunitah et al (2013) imply that, in developing socialist educational contexts like Zimbabwe, it is premature to do away with centrally prescribed curricula in order to accomplish uniformity in the provision of education. This uniformity means, all students in Zimbabwe use standardized learning material and receive a standard educational experience. When a student transfers from a rural to an urban school, as is the trend in developing countries, he has the assurance of continuity. Thus, the prescriptive approach to curriculum implementation achieves meritocracy and functionality.Moreover, the Zimbabwean curriculum pays more attention to acquired skills that can be measured it is largely objectives oriented, in that learning outcomes are evaluated through summational examinations, from time to time. To this end, a prescriptive approach is more effective, as it provides exact standards and expectations of the learner while contain deviations which may otherwise be of no relevance to the learner, come examination time. Lawton (1980) points out the love-hate relationship teachers may have with the examination system, though meritocratic and fair it can extend so far into the classroom that it stifles independent thinking, self-discovery, curiosity and creativity, which form part of wholesome learning.It can be concluded that while victorious the curriculum package as a p roposal, encourages a broader range of experiences and an expansive exercise of potentialities in learners delinquent to its adaptability to various geographical and economic circumstances as is found in Zimbabwe. The prescriptive approach is equally beneficial and perhaps more applicable to Zimbabwe because of the nature of the education system which is examination oriented.

Existentialism is a Humanism Essay

In Existentialism is a Hu compositionism, Sartre explains that in gracious beings, existence precedes union. Meaning, humans atomic number 18 created without any purpose, but with growth and maturing they find their purpose. J. P. Sartre gives the example of the paper clip, noting that this inanimate object was created with the intent of a purpose. Therefore, that idea lead to its creation. He uses this example to demonstrate essence precedes existence. He states, man is nothing else, but what he makes of himself. Simply put, us as humans are first born than we create our own paths in our lives and who we shall be in life.This explains that through our actions and decisions we make in our lives, molds us into the beings we become. Further mentioning that we are the choices we make, are we responsible for who are as individuals because of that. Sartre goes on to say thither are two kinds of existentialists. One of them being Christians, Catholics, or people who believe in id ol. As head as atheistic existentialists who do not believe in God such as himself. However, genius thing they share is both groups believe in the idea of existence precedes essence. But, those who believe in God believes God was a superior designer who created people with a purpose, which ties into the idea of the paper clip. With that being said, though men has diverse traits and characteristics, they share the same basic qualities because if human nature. On the new(prenominal) hand, the atheistic check believes God is nonexistent and a man starts as nothing and later defines himself. Therefore, Sartre states, There is no determinism, man is free, man is freedom. We have no values or commands to turn to which legitimize our conduct. In other words, we have no excuses, and we are entirely responsible for our decisions.Therefore, there is no God to provide management on the proper way to live and we must find that out through our choices. He goes on the idea of subjectivism , saying that one mans acts creates the image of every man as a whole. Which, develops the idea of what men ought to be as individuals. Sartre also replies that, it is impossible for man to transcend human subjectivity. He isnt saying I prefer subjectivity over objectivity, hes asking, how can we peradventure not be subjective? Even the religious individual who believes that morality is absolute and comes from God must, at some point, choose to believe that this is the case.Our responsibility is a blessing and a curse. It leads us to pure tone things desire anguish and despair. We experience anguish in the face of our subjectivity, because by choosing what we are to do, we choose for everyone. When you make a decision you are saying this is how anyone ought to behave given these circumstances. Many people dont feel anguish, but this is because they are fleeing from it. If you dont feel a sense of anxiety when you make decisions, its because you are forgetting about your total and deep responsibility toward yourself and all of humanity.Despair arises because we only have power to change things that are within our power to change, and there is a lot we cannot change. With that being said, reality is inert and out of our take for, except for small aspects of it here and there. We despair because we can never have full control of the future. However, we are the rulers of our lives, we take the responsibility of our actions and ourselves in general. Regardless of what you believe, this cannot be any other way.

Investigating Meaningful Teaching Essay

Investigating Meaningful Teaching Daniel Bowen Grand canyon University specific Education Foundation and Frame ferment SPE-330 May 26, 2011 Investigating Meaningful Teaching Investigating what pregnant direction is it is having instillers that are bothowing to teach to the whole schoolchild by having patience, compassion and developing a meaningful relationship with their assimilators. existence a positive influence and having effective classroom management. An effective teacher is a teacher that wears many hats such as a coach, actor, cheerleader and friend.Having the baron to read their moods, body language, when and what may arrive at them to perish frustrated. Also having a deep belief in each and every scholar has the ability to learn and fulfil. In an interview with four teachers, two inclusion teachers and two self contain teachers was conducted. only in all four teachers were asked the same forefronts this being a summary of the results of that interview. (Gr and canon University, n. d. ) In their opinions, what is necessary for a meaningful and worthwhile teaching and learning experience?All four teachers refer to having respect for each student and students having respect for them and being consistent in enforcing classroom rules. Maintain a set of routines so the students make do what is expected of them each day. Know the laws that deal with Special Education. These laws are appt to change at any time. (Grand Canyon University, n. d. ) How is a meaningful learning experience for students related to the teachers philosophy of education? The teachers all facial expression in general that a meaningful education is synonymous with their philosophy.A student must(prenominal) be do to feel respected, valued, and to feel safe in the classroom. Discipline is as necessary as the text without it the learning process cannot be achieved. distributively teacher believed that having the understanding that each student will learn on deferent levels and different ways. It was part of their philosophy to discover the uniqueness of every student. (Grand Canyon University, n. d. ) Why did you want to become teachers? Why do you continue teaching? The front part of this question is generic.They all were influence by a teacher or much than one teacher as they were growing up. The second part was a curt different with each teacher. In general the challenge they face every day. Having a child all of a sodden come alive. They begin to delay the math or reading at their level stoping the excitement in their eyes when a door opens for them that once was closed. The small rewards everyday is what kept them in the classroom. (Grand Canyon University, n. d. ) What are two or three of their most reward teaching experiences? Their most challenging?Two of the teachers stated that their most rewarding experience was in having a past student call them up with an invitation to their graduation. These students stating that they would not have made it through school if these two teachers did not believe in them from the start. The others where when they observed there student achieve the understanding of basic math without a calculator and one learning how to write their name for the first time at the age of thirteen. (Grand Canyon University, n. d. ) What changes would they like to make in teaching?Why? They all agreed that the change they would make would be Standardize testing the F-cat (Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test). The teachers have to teach the test and not what the student truly need to be successful in the classroom. They state the biggest enigma with this test is that the government is trying to outsmart the student. It is believed that they design the test to make the students to fail. One example was inclined were a student was a straight A students her whole life all through elementary, shopping mall and high school.She took the F-cat so she could graduate and failed. She could not gradu ate with her class. They feel the test is not fare to student with or without learning disabilities. The changes they all agreed with was to completely do away with the F-cat and much of the paper work and go back to letting teachers teach. (Grand Canyon University, n. d. ) The reason I want to become a teacher is the total opposite of the teachers interviewed. I never had a teacher that left a lasting look on my life. I had no on to mentor me as I chose to become a teacher.I became a teacher because after a few industrial accidents left me unable do anything somatogenic for a very long time. While I was looking for something I could do. A bus impetuous passion came open. So I became a bus driver. As I was driving the position of a substitute teacher open I became a substitute teacher because it paid two dollars more an hour. That was as a substitute teacher that and working with the student that made me obstinate to become a teacher full time. Watching students struggle with th eir work, being able to show them how to do it correctly, and having the opportunity to see the ahh factor.Being able to help students learn and see them as they learned is one of the greatest experiences I had in my life time. The decision to become a Special education teacher came a little later. It was the same as when I decided to become a teacher. It was having that one on one with the student. Being able to teach a class with children that were diagnose with Downs, Autistics, Mental Retardation and the list grows. I feel in love with these children and discovered the real need for teacher in this area. This is the reason I decided to join the ranks of Special Education teachers.Through the interview I discovered an even stronger desire to become a Special Education teacher. Through these teachers interview help to enforce what I already knew. Each student is a unique individual. Having different personalities, weakness, strengths, and learning styles. This becoming one of the greatest challenges is unlocking each student mind helping them to discover knowledge. References Grand Canyon University. Syllabus module 2 (n. d. ). http//angel103. gcu. edu/section/default. asp? id=835810

Boston Beer Company Essay

1.Evaluate the attractiveness of the chicane beer segment relative to the market space occupied by the traditional Big Three. (tip lend oneself the Five Forces framework). a.High Threat of innovative competition over 600 of specialty beer companies were founded over the past five years, nigh 40% ontogeny each years. In addition, the existence of contract brewing companies lead to low accession cost. b.High substitution The attractiveness of craft brewing industry are majorly based on unique styles and flavors of beer. in that location are many an(prenominal) different brands and styles of beer so the actual threat of substitutes is high. c.The intensity of competitive rivalry is withal high speckle there is a major growth of new entry, the market size shows dwarfish growth. This creates tremendous competitive pressures among the industry. d.Bargaining force out of buyers Switching cost for buyers are low, as there are many different substitution and options. companies has to consistently maintain high musical note in order to retain customers.e.Bargaining power of suppliers switching cost for suppliers are high for the traditional Big Three, as their supplies are tied to their induce brewies. Craft brewing companies has the option of switch breweries in a relatively low cost, as the suppliers eff they have options to supply other breweries. This allows them to charge higher prices than the big three. 2.Evaluate capital of Massachusetts Beers business nonplus relative to Redhook and Petes, comparing their business models with respect to specific activities such as procurement, brewing, distribution, and marketing. BBCs strategy of producing the highest quality of products, the company pursued four initiatives high quality standards, contract brewing, intensive sales and marketing, and product landmark innovations.Unlike BBC and Petes, redhook relies on its own breweries. Redhook also established a strategic alliance with Anheuser-Busch whereby R edhook products were sold done the nation-wide ne bothrk of 700 distributorships in exchange for a 25% equity stake in the company. Similar to BBC, Petes operates on a contract brewing basis and stress heavily on marketing. In retrospect, BBC mean to remain a contract brewer exclusively, capitalizing on lower overhead and transportation costs while continuing to invest heavily in its branded products.Redhook believed that its coarse-term growth and profitability were best served by assembling the largest company-owned production capacity of any domestic craft brewer, guaranteeing production capacity in much than one geographic region of the United States. Redhook also made a substantial investment in distribution, gaining access to Anheuser Buschs nation-wide network of resellers. Petes, on the other hand, appeared to be following a combination of these two strategies by producing its products at both company-owned and third-party breweries.3.How realistic analysts long-term gro wth forecasts (25% to 40% for the craft-brewing segment)? Based on the doorman five forces analysis, the craft brewing segment has many advantages over the traditional big three, which explains the 40% growth rate. However the large number of new entries companies has already created a tremendous amount of competitions among its own, which retard the long term growth in my opinion and makes the forecasts of 25% to 40% seem unrealistic. 4.What do you recommend to Boston Beer?a.While the US market size remains somewhat stable. By exporting globally, will introduce BBC to new markets and additional sales b.Forming strategic alliance will help combat the increasing competition among industries.

Examine critically the most important methods of regulating a Essay

Examine critically the most important methods of regulating a financial market which is essential for raising finance by globe and private entities - Essay Example either these evolutionary trends ar being witness in other(a) European states. For instance, the euro zone area has been be sick under the supervision of European Central Bank while domestic agencies have been mandated to oversee banks and other financial supervision tasks (Blinder, 1998).Many scholars have designated that, it is imperative to regulate financial markets because of the influence they have on the whole economy. Because of this, different theoretical motivations supporting the need for stringent regulation of financial intermediaries and banks have been advance. (Valdez, 2006) argue that financial market regulation it is imperative in the process of pursuing microeconomic and macroeconomic stability of a nation. Such stability is associated to macro controls, which can translate to securities settlemen t systems, clearing houses and financial exchanges (Allen and Gale 1998).2 pecuniary regulation is important in fostering transparency in the financial market and intermediaries hence ensuring investors are protected. Ultimately, financial regulation is important in promoting and safeguarding of competition that is inevitable in the financial markets just analogous any other market.Financial markets form an integral part of the sources from which both private and public companies piece their capital to finance their activities. However, the legal framework regulating financial markets and intermediaries stipulate the various procedures and requirements that both the public and private companies should comply with in order to be allowed to raise finance from the financial markets (Frase, 2011).The major cardinal nourishment of this Act regulating public companies relates to the authority of directors in allotting company shares and the pre-emption rights disapplication.3 These k ey provisions require that shareholders pass an ordinary resolution granting the directors authority to issue and allot shares.

Domestic Terrorism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Domestic Terrorism - Research Paper ExampleSince they atomic number 18 illegal, terrorist ecesiss often resort to illegal ways of financing their activities such as extortion, violent robbery, medicine trafficking, kidnapping, and fortification smuggling. In recent years, medicine trafficking has emerged as the biggest income source for these organizations (Crews and Tarzi, 2008). A number of studies have shown that the link amidst terrorism and drug trafficking is strong particularly in countries that are either the hubs of terrorism planning and organization or the main target of terrorism. It is for this reason that drug skippers create domestic terrorism against the United States soldiers and the indigenous Afghanistan population (Shanty, 2011). This paper will discuss how drug lords in Afghanistan create domestic terrorism against United States troops and indigenous population in Afghanistan. According to the American government and Afghanistan government officials, the gain from drug trafficking in Afghanistan was estimated to be about(predicate) $3.2 billion in 2012. The bulk of this profit went to Taliban warlords, as salutary as other militants. It is estimated that Afghanistan is currently producing nearly 90 percent of the global supply of illegal opium and about 85 percent of the worlds heroin supplies and morphine come from the province (Piazzo, 2012). Opium is the largest cash pare in Afghanistan in 2006local export revenues from the crop constituted about 35 percent of the nations gross national product. At the same time, opium product employed nearly 14 percent of the countrys population. While it is clear that opium production in Afghanistan is critical for the countrys economy, illicit opiate production and trade is considered by many policy analysts, media commentators, academics, and politicians as a crucial contributor to terrorism acts in the country targeting indigenous population and United States troops. The Afghan Taliban extremist group spends opiate drug revenues to finance itself, primarily by taxing refined products, stocks of harvested poppy, and drug crop cultivation (Peters, 2009). Typically, media sources report the Taliban resistance within the borders of Afghanistan, preparedness camps within Pakistan borders, and daily opinions of United States troop conflicts with Taliban forces. However, there is little reporting in regard to drug lord territory and border control in Afghanistan, as well as the drug lord contribution to terrorist acts against the indigenous population and the United States troops within the borders of Afghanistan (Crews and Tarzi, 2008). Various investigations have revealed that drug trafficking importantly supports terrorism in todays world, particularly after the United States invasion in Iraq and Afghanistan. It is no doubt that drug trafficking is a very lucrative business and it generates big profits that are employ for illegal activities including supporting t errorism (Leu, 2008). Drug trafficking has extensively benefited from political, economic, social and technological. Al Qaeda, Sunni extremists, and Taliban are some of the terrorist organizations that significantly benefit from selling and shipping of illegal drugs. Investigations have found that the proceeds and profits realized from drug trafficking are usually laundered through certain legal business and pumped back to terrorist organizations and their associates who then use to fund terrorism (Dolan, 2005). The Afghanistan