The Ideology And The Policies Adopted By Stalin - 906 Words

Lecture Summarizes Stalinism is the ideology and the policies adopted by Stalin, based on centralization, totalitarianism, and the pursuit of communism. Before Stalin there was Lenin, who put into effect the New Economic Policy. He acknowledge that the ideology of communism, which called for the abolition of private property, private ownership, and the destruction of the free market. New Economic Policy also known as NEP is the state that maintains its centralized control over the economy. NEP allowed peasants to use their land as if it was their own, and largely allowed marketing their products and sell them at market prices. This process allowed those in need of food to have a meal so they wouldn’t starve in 1921-1922 more than 7 million people died of starvation and sickness. Progressively, the production of food reached prewar levels and small-scale industrial production revitalizes. During this period there were two groups of people who benefitted from this Lenin develope d the Five Year Plan at this point. The first group was small merchants who sold products on the free market and did very well they establish the name NEP men. The second group was Kulaks who were prosperous peasants with land had something to sell their products summoned good prices. Unfortunately, the end of NEP and Lenin was coming and the Kulaks were the targets in the mass collectivization campaign that accompanied the Five Year Plan. Stalin wanted to prove he was better than Lenin so he wouldShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The Great War1482 Words   |  6 PagesChurchill and Joseph Stalin. During their political leadership, both have been faced with issues that needed to be handled. It is through these issues and the way that they’ve been managed, that has determined the effectiveness and possibly ineffectiveness of their respective leadership. It is strongly valid that the main difference between Churchill and Stalin is that the former’s policies have enabled the po litical ideology of democracy to prosper, while the latter’s policies have led his nationRead MoreStalin‚Äà ´s rise to power and his Key Domestic Policies1327 Words   |  6 Pagespower and the success of his Domestic policies. In April, Lenin, leader of the Bolshevik party returned from exile. His April thesis was popular with the people through his communist ideology and popular slogans â€Å"All power to the soviets† and â€Å"Peace, Bread, Land.† In November a second revolution, organised by Trotsky overthrew the provisional government (Todd, 2002). Lenin adopted a plan to help Russia back on its feet; the New Economic Policy (NEP); encouraging private enterpriseRead MoreThe Treaty Of The Cold War1294 Words   |  6 PagesThe cold war was a period of struggle and conflict between the superpower the USA and the USSR between the end of WW2 in 1945-1991. Both the superpower saw a threat form each other to its continue of survival and adopted strategies to preserve their position. The superpower divided Europe into two: Eastern Europe which is leaded by the communist USSR, while there was democratic which is leaded by the USA in the Western Europe. Both the USA and USSR (Soviet Union) have several countries as theirRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Economic Policies of Stalin and Mao.941 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and contrast the economic policies of Stalin and Mao. In Russia and China, both Stalin and Mao emerged as almost god-like leaders despite making their respective countries endure harsh programs of reform all economically, politically and socially. Mao can be seen to have adopted the policies of Stalin, both inspired by the Marxist ideologies of Lenin. Both Stalin and Mao recognized the economic backwardness of their respective countries and wanted to use industrialization and collectivisationRead MoreStalin And The Soviet Union872 Words   |  4 Pages(2)Stalin period was a significant period that his leadership had led the Soviet Union to develop in a very different way that contradicted to the thoughts of Lenin and Marx. Suny argued that Stalin constituted a â€Å"revolution from above,† which meant Stalin as a leader, led the people to make lots of changes by giving orders from the top of the hierarchy. The people were following him instead of initiating the changes and reforms. The industrialization, collectivization, and cu ltural conservatismRead MoreEssay Impact of Stalanism on the Soviet State1041 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept of Stalinism, being the ideologies and policies adopted by Stalin, including centralization, totalitarianism and communism, impacted, to an extent, on the soviet state until 1941. After competing with prominent Bolshevik party members Stalin emerged as the sole leader of the party in 1929. From this moment, Stalinism pervaded every level of society. Despite the hindrance caused by the bureaucracy, the impact of Stalinism was achieved through the implementation of collectivization andRead MoreDid Lenin Lead to Stalin? Examine the Elements of Change and Continuity Within Soviet Russia 1917-1941.1369 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst Communist regime were immediately obvious, but also had continuing repercussions for decades. This essay will argue that although Lenin and Stalin seemed to have conflicting views, in reality they shared very similar policies; Stalin just took these po licies to an extreme. There was a rather significant continuity between Lenin and Stalin’s policies on Political Control. When the Bolsheviks first came in to power Lenin banned Liberal parties who where seen as a threat and later banned all partiesRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet War845 Words   |  4 Pagescapitalism vs. communism, democracy vs. dictatorship. This War actually started when Stalin of the USSR had a conference during the end of WWII who promised the American president, FDR, that he would allow there to be elections, democratic elections, in the Eastern part of Europe which had the soviet dominance. But in the year of 1945, in the Potsdam conference, after the death of FDR, and during Truman s presidency, Stalin drew back on the promises he had previously made which means that he would notRead MoreIdeologies Are Developed Through The Evolution Of Liberalism1183 Words   |  5 Pages Ideologies are developed through the evolution of liberalism in history by implementing and exp erimenting with differing levels of government involvement. The source is a statement that encourages self-interest and opposes government interference in society. The viewpoint in the source reflects a capitalist view, similar to and possibly inspired by Adam Smith s theories. People who would support or agree with such a view are typically more conservative and wish to respect and follow traditionalRead MoreEssay #2. After The Russian Revolution, There Was A Lot1229 Words   |  5 Pagesdeath, the Russians were once again faced with appointing a leader to direct them. The domestic and international conditions in which the Soviet Union found itself, the legacy of Leninist ideology and organization, and Stalin’s overall character were all factors that helped determine the policies Stalin adopted. When the Bolsheviks overthrew the Tsarists, there was social polarization that cast doubt over the country’s ability to reunite. Lenin focused on the social conditions for seizing power,

Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Ability - 893 Words

Welcome to the exciting and adventurous camp of Cognitive Ability, where we challenge and cherish the precious minds of babies and teens through our fun activities of psychology through Piaget’s theory of cognitive ability. Piaget’s theory of cognitive ability was designed to distinguish the age at which a child’s cognitive ability was developed through the stages in which he classified as sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational (Lutz Huitt, 2004). The goal of the camp is to define how children learn, remember, pay attention, and problem solve through each child’s development pace by a series of educational activities for all to enjoy. The sensorimotor stage activities will consist primarily of age’s birth to about two years. The child will be given a choice of toys to play with such as stuffed animals, building blocks or a rattle. Each toy will either produce a sound. During the main activity, one of the instructors will give the child the rattle to play with by first showing the rattle to the baby and then shaking the rattle. As the baby looks at the rattle they will be startled or surprised by the sound and wonder why and where it came from. The instructor will then give the rattler to the baby and then they will shake it. The baby will gradually understand they are causing the sound, therefore motor skills and sensory perceptions are established. In the sensorimotor stage, infants will realize that their actions through sense andShow MoreRelatedPiaget And Vygotsky Theory Of Cognitive Development Essay826 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept of cognitive development and, highlight both Piaget and Vygotskyâ€℠¢s theory as it relates to cognitive development, and the significant differences between them. The term cognitive development refers to the process of growth and change in intellectual, mental abilities such as thinking, reasoning and understanding. It comprises of the acquisition and consolidation of knowledge. Infants draw on social-emotional, language, motor, and perceptual experience and abilities for cognitive developmentRead MorePiaget vs. Vygotsky1120 Words   |  5 PagesThe theory of cognitive development is defined as the development of the ability to think and reason. There are many theorists who have studied cognitive theories and the most famous is Jean Piaget. Cognitive development covers the physical and emotional stages of a child. The basic premise for cognitive development is to show the different stages of the development of a child so you can understand where the child might be in their development. Understanding cognitive development will betterRead MoreDiscuss Piagets theory of cognitive development1235 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Discuss Piaget’s theory of Cognitive Development Cognitive Development can be defined as the development of thought processes. This includes thinking, concept understanding, problem solving, and decision making and remembering from childhood on to adulthood. There are two theories of Cognitive development that offer us two different ways of understanding it. The first is called Domain general. This theory states that one line of development determines all of the changes in a child’sRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1519 Words   |  7 Pagesscenario relates to both Piaget and Vygotskian theories in the sense that they describe how the child s mind develops through different forms of stimuli that occur during early childhood. Piaget s theory focuses mainly on things such as; how children think; how the world around them is perceived and how the newly found information is explained through the language they use. Vygotsky s theory however differs as the effects of different forms of social interaction occur in cognitive development such as;Read MoreOutline the main similarities and differences between Piaget‚Äà ´s and Vygotsky‚Äà ´s explanations for cognitive development in children1702 Words   |  7 Pagesexplanations for cognitive development in children. Piaget and Vygotsky were both, looking into the same period of cognitive development in infants and children and sharing the same basic concerns. Piaget (1896-1980) developing his theory slightly earlier than Vygotsky (1896-1934) who worked to show that there were certain flaws in Piaget s theory of genetic epistemology. Vogotsky and his social-cultural theory of cognitive development might be seen as the Soviet counterpart to Piaget s western individualistRead MoreCritically examine the contribution of Jean Piaget to our understanding of child development.1321 Words   |  6 PagesJean Piaget to our understanding of child development. Until the mid 1900 s psychologists had no useful theory for explaining how children s minds change as they age. Psychologists interested in this field either has to study it in relation to behaviourism, which emphasises that children merely receive information from the environment, or in relation to the IQ testing approach, which emphasises individual differences in children s development. However developmental psychologist Jean Piaget bornRead MoreEducational Methods Influenced By Jean Piaget And Lev Vygotsky800 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. Both of these men provided influential theories, which had a significant impact on evaluating children’s learning styles and abilities. After years of research and observation, Piaget determined that intellectual development is the result of the interaction of individual and environmental factors. He felt that as a child develops and always interacts with the world around him, knowledge was established. Through his observations of his children, Piaget developedRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Knowing921 Words   |  4 PagesJean Piaget was a developmental psychologist and philosopher from Switzerland. He is known for his epistemological studies with children. He was the first to make a systematic study of cognitive development. Piaget was also th e Director of the International Bureau of Education. He was â€Å"the great pioneer of the constructivist theory of knowing.† He was known as the second best psychologist after Skinner by the end of the 20th century. Throughout his career, Jean Piaget declared that â€Å"only educationRead MoreVygotsky And Vygotsky Theories Of Learning1257 Words   |  6 PagesTheories of learning In this essay, I will compare and contrast jean Piaget and lev Vygotsky theories of learning. First, I will discuss Piaget followed by Vygotsky then I will compare and contrast both theorists. Jean Piaget was a Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher, he is known for his contribution to a theory of cognitive development. Piaget became interested in the reasons why children gave the wrong answers to questions that required logical thinking. He believed that these incorrectRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory And Theory1673 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is a theory? A theory is an organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development. These are essential for developing predictions about behaviors and predictions result in research that helps to support or clarify the theory. The theorist I am choosing to talk about is Jean Piaget who discovered the cognitive development theory and who broke it down into different stages. The different stages are the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational thought

Strategic Management Report for Large Corporations

Question: You are required to write a report with reference to at least 15 separate scholarly journal articles and your subject core text. This report will include the following headings: 1) Corporation Identification a. Identify an organisation with product or service portfolios that span multiple business units. i. In your discussion define, with reference to scholarly articles, the term corporation. ii. In your discussion define, with reference to scholarly articles, the terms product portfolio and service portfolio. 2) Corporate Research a. Business Unit Identification. i. Identify the separate business units within the corporation. 1. In your discussion define, with reference to scholarly articles, the term Business Unit. b. Identification of Product and Service Lines. i. Identify the separate product and service lines of the corporation. 1. In your discussion define, with reference to scholarly articles, the terms product lines and service lines. 3) Corporation Revenue Centres a. Identification of Revenue Centres. i. Identify which product and service lines are creating the greatest revenues for the corporation. 1. In your discussion define, with reference to scholarly articles, the term revenue. 4) External Environment Analysis a. Identify the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal operating environments for each business unit. i. In your discussion define, with reference to scholarly articles, the terms Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal. 1. Provide a definition of the term operating environment. 5) Source of Sustainable Competitive Advantage a. Identify the source of sustainable competitive advantage for each business unit. i. In your discussion define, with reference to scholarly articles, the four factors of sustainable competitive advantage. 6) Strategic Direction a. Make recommendations for the future strategic direction for the organisation. i. In your discussion define, with reference to scholarly articles, the term strategic direction Answer: Introduction: Large corporations like PG, Intel and Nokia etc. are basically divided into diverse strategic business units, with the aim of managing their operational activities in an efficient manner. In this unit, we have discussed the global business units, product lines and revenue centres of Procter and Gamble. Apart from it, this unit will also help the learners in identifying the several sources of competitive advantage utilized by PG and several environmental factors affecting the working of the firm. Lastly, learners will be able to learn the strategic direction techniques with the help of this unit. Corporation Identification: The Corporation is the referred as Any firm or the group of firms, which possess the separate legal entity by law, from its owners or the shareholders (Walter, 2015). Corporations basically run on the basis of going concern concept and the limited liability concept. Corporations are managed by the board of directors elected by the shareholders of the firm. Procter and Gamble, Nestle, IKEA, Intel are some of the largest corporations in the world. Let us check out the product portfolios of Procter and Gamble (PG), a leading firm of America. The product portfolio comprises of the wide range of products sold by the company (Kendra, 2008). BCG matrix is utilized by the firms to identify the growth rate and market share of each product sold by the firm. PG portfolio comprises of diverse brand products such as Olay, Tide, Ariel, Pampers, head shoulders etc. PG classifies its product portfolio considering the BCG matrix with the aim of efficiently utilizing its resources. It is also continuously making efforts to diversify its products, for up surging the overall revenues of the firm. For example, among its 254 brands, PG is concentrating more on 65 brands, which is able to generate higher revenues for the firm. Service Portfolio denotes the varieties of services are offered to the customer (Quinonez, 2014). PG service portfolio consists of all essential elements which are needed for every person like hair washing, showering Shaving cream, house cleaning, dishwashing and so on. Corporate research: Global organizations are required to maintain the separate business unit, for managing their product and service lines efficiently. A separate business unit is referred as A section or department, where the operational activities of the corporation are carried out independently (Walter, 2015). It is also referred as the strategic business units. It is controlled and managed by the managers, who are liable to report the headquarters of the firm. These strategic business units are incentive oriented and so managers give their best to upsurge the profitability of these units. Apart from it, as decision-making powers are retained by the managers and so all the important decisions are taken and implemented easily. PG do maintain diverse strategic business units in different countries. PG is divided into separate business units on the basis of its different product lines. The Product lines are referred as the The products, which are either similar in function or price sold under the same brand or company (Quinonez, 2014). For example, Olay manufactures diverse types of beauty creams such as Olay light cream, Olay anti-aging cream, Olay light cream etc. are sold under the same brand and so all such products are considered its product lines. Diverse brands such as Ariel, Olay, pampers, Gillette etc. of PG have their own strategic business units, which are managed independently by the diverse brand managers. Service lines are like a grouping of all the products and services which is related to one particular segment of the organisation (Neumeier, 2016). It is an approach of organised management. As PG has no service lines whereas Deloittes service lines in Australia are Assurance and advisory, con sulting and Finacial advisory and so on. Corporation revenue centres: Revenue is referred as the income generated from the sales of goods and services (Westermann, 2015). Gross revenue is calculated by subtracting the trading expenses from the sales revenue. While net revenue is derived by subtracting the operating expenses from the gross revenue. Revenues are calculated to identifying the overall profitability of the firm. Large corporations do manage their diverse revenue centres, with the aim of increasing the overall revenues of the firm. Basically, sales and marketing departments form the revenue centres of the firm, which carries out diverse promotional activities for up surging the profitability of the firm. PG have maintained diverse revenue centres, which are continuously making efforts to promote its brands globally. Revenue centres of PG are responsible for deciding the price of diverse product lines of the brands considering profit margin of the company. The main aim of PG revenue centres is to up surge the overall revenues of the firm. Revenue centre teams do identify the loopholes in the marketing strategies and take essential steps to revise such strategies. PG have revised its marketing strategies considering trends and have made use of innovative marketing strategies such as social media marketing, online selling, SEO marketing, e-commerce website etc., with the aim of generating more revenues for the firm. This type of revenue centres also maintains relationships with the consumers by effective communication through diverse means such as email, SMS, calls etc. External Environment analysis: PG is a leading multinational company, which have its global business units in diverse countries. Operating Environment denotes the place where the business is running (Tambovceva, 2016). The global business units of PG are located in diverse countries like India, China, North Korea, Russia, France and others. And so it is essential for the firm to consider Social, Economic, and Technological, environmental, political and legal factors of different countries, which affect the working of the firm. The social environment is also referred as social heritage and it comprises of social culture and values followed the society at large (Neumeier, 2016). PG deals in diverse countries and so social culture and values of these countries are taken into consideration before developing its strategies. For example, PG offers discounts in India during Indian festivals. The political and legal environment includes the diverse policies imposed by the government of diverse countries such as taxation p olicy, import policy, pricing policy, trade policy etc. PG consider the political factors of the diverse countries and accordingly it decides the prices of its products. That is the reason the prices of PG products are different in different countries. Technological environment is comprised of the new innovations or technologies, which upsurge the value of the products (Tambovceva, 2016). Technologies or innovations help to simplify the manufacturing process and to improve the quality of the products. PG have always welcomed innovations and new technologies, with the aim of up surging the value of its products. It has also diversified its products and manufacturing processes by making use of latest technologies. The Economic environment comprises of diverse economic factors such as income, growth rate, inflation rate, employment rate, interest rates etc., which directly or indirectly affects the purchasing powers of the consumers (Danny,2012). PG considers the above factors before deciding profit margin and price of its products. For example, PG sells its products with lower profit margins in developing countries like china and India compared to other developed countries. Above all, PG do consider the geographical and psychological factors before developing its strategies for its global business units (Armstrong,2012.) Source of sustainable Competitive advantage: Four important sources such as up surging the Brand loyalty among the consumers, adding unique value to its products and services, increasing the creditability of the firm and enduring innovations are considered by PG for achieving the sustainable competitive advantage. (Lorenze,2006). PG is continuously making efforts for building the brand loyalty among its consumers by carrying out diverse promotional activities through innovative means such as social media marketing, e-commerce website, SEO marketing etc. PG have also diversified its products considering the consumer need and preferences. Apart from it, it deals in products with high quality, which differentiated it from the other brand products and thereby it is able to achieve the competitive advantage( Ellis, 2007). PG do contribute to the society by charities and several social functions, which has upsurged the creditability of the firm. Apart from it, it is continuously making a huge investment in the promotional activities, in order to promote all its brands globally. Day by day new technologies and innovations are used by PG to add unique value to its products. It has changed its manufacturing processes in order to add unique value to its products. Innovations and new technologies have also helped the firm in reducing the overall cost of the products by making efficient use of resources (Jeffs, 2008). Thus PG is able to achieve the sustainable competitive advantage by focusing on the above four sources of competitive advantage. Strategic direction: Large business organizations like PG develop diverse strategies for measuring and improving the overall performance of the firm. The strategy is basically termed as the master plan of the firm. It is essential for the managers to direct and control the activities of the firm, in order to achieve its desired objectives. Strategic direction is referred as The multiple actions taken by the directors of the firm to achieve the goals of its predetermined strategies or targets (Olsen,2012).Basically, strategic direction is set by the board of directors of the company and the executive directors are responsible for the efficient implementation of the strategy. Executive directors need to possess leadership skills, with the aim of improving the performance of its subordinate and thereby achieving the desired targets. Though PG is able to achieve the higher growth rate through its diverse strategies, it should take into account following recommendations for improving the overall performance of the firm. PG should focus on the higher growth markets product brands such as loreal, Wella, tide etc. to up surge its revenues. Apart from it, it should promote its e-commerce website through diverse means to increase the profitability of the firm (Alexander Mugan, 2015). Conclusion: Thus we can say that learners of this unit will be benefitted as all the topics in this unit is briefly discussed in this unit. Here learners will be able to know, how environmental analysis is carried in the large business units such as PG. Lastly, the recommendations given in the strategic direction section will aid the learners to identify the diverse ways to upsurge the overall performance of the firm. References: Albright, Kendra ( 2008). "Environmental Scanning: Radar For Success".Information Management Journal. Alexander Mugan (, 2015)."2015 Careers in Africa Employer of Choice Awards".careersinafrica.com. Armstrong, Gary (2012).Principles Of Marketing. N.S.W: Pearson Australia. Competitive horizons. (2016). Strategic Direction, 32(3). Ellis, P. D.. (2007), Distance, Dependence and Diversity of Markets: Effects on Market Orientation,Journal of International Business Studies, 38 (3), 37486. Erica, O. (2012).Strategic Planning Kit for Dummies, 2nd Edition.John Wiley Sons, Inc Jeffs, C. (2008), "Strategic Management",SAGE Publications Ltd., p. 29 et seq. Lorenzen, M. (2006). "Strategic Planning for Academic Library Instructional Programming." In:Illinois Libraries86, no. 2 (Summer 2006): 22-29. Neumeier, S. (2016). Social innovation in rural development: identifying the key factors of success. Geogr J. pSivida Corporation. (2011). Arzneimittelforschung, 58(08), pp.425-426. Quinonez, N. (2014).5 Product line pricing strategies you need to know. Relationship of mango seedling diseases prevalence to the environmental factors. (2015). Scientia Agriculturae, 10(3). Samson, Danny (2012).Management In New Zealand. Cengage Learning. Tambovceva, T. (2016). Classification of factors influencing environmental management of enterprise. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, pp.1-18. Walter, A. (2015). On the concept of corporation. AJH, pp.47-49. Westermann, D. (2015). Important aspects to allow revenue management to deliver. Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, 14(2), pp.123-126.

The book A Christmas Carol Essay Example For Students

The book A Christmas Carol Essay The book A Christmas Carol was published in 1843. Each stave was published weekly in a magazine. Charles Dickens (the author) has written many classic, famous novels. They were all very long and very complicated. He was only 58 years old when he died. One of the main reasons that all of this is important is because they were written in a time where there was a great interest in novels. This is because it was written in the Victorian times. Also this made it popular because it made people interested and made people buy it each week; this made it quite a social thing and people would talk about it. We will write a custom essay on The book A Christmas Carol specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This made people develop more of and interest. This gave Charles dickens more of a reputation which makes more people read his books. Christmas Carol was set in London this makes it popular as it is the capital and it is easy to relate to. Also it was set in the winter which is a season everyone likes because of Christmas. Now the festival is celebrated greatly. Then it wasnt celebrated as much and Dickens became known for restarting the interest and putting the fun back into it. The key points of the novel include the ghosts of Christmas past, present and future. This makes it popular because of the interest factor. He shows the idea of time travelling and the new concept of the future. This influenced our ideas like sci-fi. Another key point is a mean person changing for the good. This helps make it popular because enjoy a moral story. Also this means it has a happy ending which is still being enjoyed. Marley is also important as he is very real ghost and not just a vague shape. You can see his buttons. He also has a bandage around his jaw which is convincing and fascinating. Tiny Tim also contributes to the popularity as he is saved; which is part of the happy ending. Also he helps for the popularity because he is very young we feel sorry for him. Right from the start, Dickens novel appeals to us. One of these is that he uses staves instead of chapters. Staves are used in carols. This is clever as when we figure this out it makes us feel good about our self. Dickens himself writes with a good story telling manor. He uses a narrator and writes in great detail about things. This allows us to visualize and to relate to the story more. He also makes Scrooge at the start look like a nasty man at the start which is interesting and enjoyable to read. It also makes us anticipate how he is dealt with. Charles Dickens describes scrooges character really well. The way he describes him gives you a distinct impression of what he is like. The cold within him freezed his old features, nipped his pointed nose, shrivelled his cheek. I think Charles Dickens does this so that it emphasises how mean and nasty scrooges character is. Charles Dickens creates scrooges character in a way that makes us have mixed feelings for scrooge. We dislike him because he is mean and nasty. We also feel sorry and sympathise him because we realize that the mean nasty man must have feelings. Even the blind mans dog appeared to know him; and when they saw him coming on, would tug their owners into doorways and up courts.

DEBT RETIREMENT IN PAKISTAN essays

DEBT RETIREMENT IN PAKISTAN essays The two gap theory suggests that the developing countries have to rely heavily on foreign capital in flows ( FCI s ) to fill two gaps: the import export gap and the savings investment gap.Despite the fact that all developing countries need FCIs for their development the volume the type: Project , non-project assistance The country size and the state of economic development mainly determines the size and type of FCIs . As a less developed country Pakistan has long been relying on foreign aid and has been the largest recipient of foreign direct investment. More over the external debt situation of an individual country may not seem to be interesting when analyzed from an international perspective. For example the external debt situation of a south Asian country as Pakistan. The external debt situation of this individual country has strong repercussions on their development. Debt is the largest capital in flow in Pakistan and it has played a critical role in the country development. The trends and pattern and the terms of have changed much in recent years. Pakistan lacks physical financial and human capital infrastructure and political and macro economic stability. Its economic structure remains in flexible and foreign transactions are regulated. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DEBT On one hand the debt augments the domestic resources of the recipient, helps to promote growth and structural transformation, assists to over come the balance of payments and government budget deficits, transfers advanced technology and improves human resources. On the other hand, foreign aid may distort domestic savings, introduce in appropriate technology, and increase the debt burden of the r ...

Definition of Adams-Onis Treaty

Definition of Adams-Onis Treaty The Adams-Onis Treaty was an agreement between the United States and Spain signed in 1819 which established the southern border of the Louisiana Purchase. As part of the agreement, the United States obtained the territory of present day Florida. The treaty was negotiated in Washington, D.C. by the American secretary of state, John Quincy Adams, and the Spanish ambassador to the United States, Luis de Onis. The treaty was viewed as a significant event at the time, and contemporary observers, including former president Thomas Jefferson, lauded the work of John Quincy Adams. Background of the Adams-Onis Treaty Following the acquisition of the Louisiana Purchase during the administration of Thomas Jefferson, the United States faced a problem, as it was not entirely clear where the border lay between the territory obtained from France and the territory of Spain to the south. Over the first decades of the 19th century, Americans venturing southward, including Army officer (and possible spy) Zebulon Pike, were apprehended by Spanish authorities and sent back to the United States. A clear border needed to be defined before minor incidents on the border escalated into anything more serious. And in the years following the Louisiana Purchase, the successors to Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and James Monroe, sought to acquire the two Spanish provinces of East Florida and West Florida (the regions had been loyal to Britain during the American Revolution, but following the Treaty of Paris, they reverted to Spanish rule). Spain was barely holding on to the Floridas. And was therefore receptive to negotiating a treaty which would trade away that land in return for clarifying who owned land to the west, in what today is Texas and the southwestern United States. Complicated Territory The problem Spain faced in Florida was that it claimed the territory, and had a few outposts on it, but it wasnt settled. And the region wasnt being governed in any sense of the word. American settlers were encroaching on its borders, essentially squatting on Spanish land, and conflicts kept arising. Escaped slaves were also crossing into Spanish territory, and at time U.S. troops ventured into Spains land on the pretext of hunting fugitive slaves. Creating further complications, Indians living in Spanish territory would venture into American territory and raid settlements, at times killing the residents. The constant problems along the border seemed likely to erupt at some point into open conflict. Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans. In 1818 Andrew Jackson, the hero of the Battle of New Orleans three years earlier, led a military expedition into Florida. His actions were highly controversial in Washington, as government officials felt he had gone far beyond his orders, especially when he executed two British subjects he considered spies. Negotiation of the Treaty It seemed obvious to leaders of both Spain and the United States that the Americans would eventually come into possession of Florida. So the Spanish ambassador in Washington, Luis de Onis, had been granted full power by his government to make the best deal he could. He met with John Quincy Adams, secretary of state to President Monroe. The negotiations had been disrupted and nearly ended when the 1818 military expedition led by Andrew Jackson ventured into Florida. But the problems caused by Andrew Jackson may have been useful to the American cause. Jacksons ambition and his aggressive behavior no doubt reinforced the fear that of the Spaniards that Americans could be coming into the territory held by Spain sooner or later. The American troops under Jackson had been able to walk into Spainish territory at will. Spain was beset by other problems. And it did not want to station troops, which would have to be supplied, in remote parts of Florida to defend against any future American encroachments. There was no escaping that if American soldiers could march into Florida and just seize it, there was little Spain could do. So Onis thought he might as well dispense with the Florida problem entirely while dealing with the issue of borders along the western edge of the Louisiana territory. The negotiations were resumed and proved fruitful. And Adams and Onis signed their agreement on February 22, 1819. A compromise boundary was established between the U.S. and Spanish territory, and the United States gave up claims to Texas in exchange for Spain giving up any claim to territory in the Pacific Northwest. The treaty, after ratification by both governments, became effective on February 22, 1821.  The treaty was eventually followed by other treaties that essentially confirmed the boundaries set out in 1821. An immediate result of the treaty was that it reduced tensions with Spain, and made the likelihood of another war seem remote. So the military budget of the United States could be cut and the size of the U.S. Army reduced in the 1820s.

Social work ethics - reflection paper Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social work ethics - reflection paper - Article Example Majority of the surviving American troops, referred to as veterans of the Iraq war are in dire need of therapeutic treatment which could be obtained from various help centres. The U.S. Department of veterans' affairs is charged with referring these patients to specialised mental centres (www.socialworkers.org). One such patient has been recently referred to me. Since my client had very nasty and frightening experiences in Iraq, it would be my noble responsibility to handle the situation most professionally and delicately to avoid causing further sufferings and anguish to him. My foremost action would be to assess the extend to which the war had on my client's emotional and psychological states by subjecting him to various interrogations concerning his social history; and psychiatric status. The social history would involve a brief review of relations, work and educational experiences prior to, during and after military service while the psychiatric aspect of the interrogations would involve a review of past and current psychological symptoms and traumatic experiences during military service, if any. This would greatly help me decide the best help to accord the client. Because the client is confirmed to be suffering from PSTD, my most immediate action would be to institute a type of counselling

Team Work, Group Efficiency and Performance Essay

Team Work, Group Efficiency and Performance - Essay Example This research will begin with the definition of a team as a group of people working together in an organization. This definition is too general and does not do justice to the functioning of a team in an organizational setting. In purely organizational sense, team is defined as â€Å"a group of workers functioning together as a unit to complete a common goal or purpose†. It is best defined by West as â€Å"groups of people embedded on organizations, performing tasks that contribute to achieving the organization’s goals†. Teams work towards achieving the overall organizational objective and have the necessary resources, autonomy and authority to achieve those objectives. Team and teamwork in an organizational setting can be best understood by the following explanation by Woods and West. The following is a direct quote by Woods and West and has been used directly for better understanding: A team is a relatively small group of people working on a clearly defined, cha llenging task that is most efficiently completed by a group working together rather than individuals working alone or parallel; who have clear, shared, challenging, team level objectives derived directly from the task; who have to work closely and interdependently to achieve these objectives; whose members work in distinct roles within the team (though some roles may be duplicated); and who have the necessary authority, autonomy and resources to enable them to meet the team’s objectives.... They are different types of teams in an organization (Griffin & Moorhead, 2011) but they can be grouped into the following types based on their nature: Problem Solving Teams: These are the most common type of teams and in some cases are used temporarily. Problem solving teams brings together employees with different knowledge backgrounds in order to tackle a specific problem. These teams consist of highly talented and skilled individuals who are brought into the team in order to induce and bring about a specific change (Boone & Kurtz, 2011). Self Managed Work Teams: these are teams with groups of employees who have the skills as well as the authority to manage themselves. Many experts in the field argue that the employees in such teams are the most satisfied and motivated. This is because they have greater job control and task variety (Boone & Kurtz, 2011). Cross Functional Teams: Cross functional teams are the latest trends in the business world. Earlier, teams were formed on the ba sis of specific speciality or functionality. But in today’s dynamic business world this is not enough. Projects are more complex today and need employees with different skill sets and abilities to be working on the same project. Hence, cross functional teams have been formed which consists of individuals with varying skills, expertise and specialities working to achieve a common goal (Robbins, 2009). Virtual Teams: There is no need for teams to be geographically close as developments in communication technology have made it possible for team members to be geographically separated but still work as a single unit. Hence, virtual team is one wherein team members are

Texting While Driving Essay Example for Free

Texting While Driving Essay About 41% of teen reported that they had texted or emailed while driving. This is true even though there are horrifying commercials and campaigns aimed at keeping teen drivers’ eyes on the road and hands on the wheel. Also, the bulk of teen deaths are due to motor vehicle crashes. But texting and driving isn’t the only risky business teens are engaging in. About 41.3% of teens said they’re using computers for more than 3 hours daily. About 14.8% of students said that they had been bullied online. Another risk that is that sexually active teens are having more unprotected sex that in the past: around 41% of sexually active teens. The annual survey of 9th through 12th graders examines the unhealthy behaviors of teens over the past 12 months is what is used to gage the leads to unintentional injury, obesity, and unplanned pregnancies. About 13,500 surveys, which were administered at public and private high schools, were examined to determine results. It is sad to see the number of teens partaking in risky behaviors rise even though statistics show how many teens are ruining their lives. Schools are now even showing videos of the consequences of partaking in these behaviors and videos of people that tell how the consequences aren’t worth the short term enjoyment. I want to know the mentality of teens that text while driving because judging by their actions, it seems like they value replying to a text more than their own lives. It’s unbelievable how teens still text and drive even though they know that they could die at any moment. Either teens need to change their ways or parents need to start intervening to save their children from becoming victims to risky behaviors.

A State Forest Essay -- Descriptive Essay Examples, Observation

A State Forest Last autumn, while on a trip, I decided to walk through a State Forest. This huge forest enriches the countryside not far from town and was a place where indians held hunting rights until recently. Little streams, ancient trees, shaded paths, and hidden places are some of the physical attributes which make the State Forest an enchanting place. I wandered leisurely along the shadowy paths, enjoying the peaceful surroundings. With only the songs of birds for company, I felt completely isolated from the crowds and traffic as I walked over the deep carpet of leaves. It had begun to rain a litt le when I first started my journey. However, small patches of sunshine soon began to filter through the giant oaks, promising that the rest of may day would be pleasant. I first reached the part of the forest known as Bellringer's Hollow. Colorful wildflowers were blooming in a patchwork of bright yellow, azure blue, deep rose, and dazzling orange. Bellringer's Hollow was a magical place where, it is said, bells coul d be heard from time to time. Because the summer residence of the monks of Waltham once stood there, the local villagers thought that the spirits of monks rang those bells and watched over the forest. I lingered there for a while, listening to the gentl e sound of a stream as it flowed over the corks nearby. I also listened for the bells, but the bells did not ring for me. Maybe it was because I was an outsider! I began to follow the meandering stream to Bell Common, which was a strip of thick, rough grassland. I was covered with blackberry bushes heavy with large, ripe berries. I stopped there to feast on as many as I could eat. Nearby were the remai... ...ernoon sun. London could be seen far o ff in the distance, reminding me that it would soon be time for me to return to the busy, crowded city. I made my way to a paved road which led from High Beech to State, and then caught a ride with a pickup to Harrisburg. The time had come for me to leave this quiet and peaceful place. Commentary on Essay 2 This essay received an "A." This essay's greatest strength is the writer's use of sophisticated syntax, employing phrases, and in dependent and independent clauses, modifying the main clauses, and creating a rhythmic reading pattern. The writer also displays an understanding of temporal relationships with her use of tenses. For example, in the first paragraph, she uses past tense to indicate actions from the past and present tense to indicate past conditions that still exist.

George Washington Biography Essay

George Washington (1732 – 1799), the First President of the United States, is a prominent individual of the American history. He was commander in chief of the victorious Continental army of the American Revolution and won many important battles that helped the Americans defeat the British. During his presidential terms, he set many important precedents for the following Presidents, such as having Presidential Cabinet Members. He was nicknamed for his accomplishments as the â€Å"Father of His Country†. George Washington was born on Feb. 22, 1732 in Westmoreland County, Virginia on an estate along the Potomac River. He was the oldest son of Augustine Washington and his second wife, Mary Ball Washington. When Washington was eleven, his father died and left only himself, his mother and his five other brothers and sisters. After the his father’s death, Washington could not go to school because he needed to help at the family farm to acquire enough money for his family to live. In his free time he practiced land surveying for fun with his father’s tools. Later, Washington started his occupation as a surveyor. When Washington turned 16, he surveyed lands of the Shenandoah for Thomas, Lord Fairfax. After his half-brother, Lawrence, had died, Washington inherited the farm and large amount of land at Mount Vernon, Virginia. Also, Lawrence was adjutant of the colony so Washington took over this responsibility. As district adjutant, he was referred to as Major Washington and was had trained the militia in the quarter he was assigned to. He first gained public awareness by being adjutant of Virginia and was sent off to warn the French to stop additional intrusion on the land of the northern colonies. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1754 to carry out this task and he departed to the North. Washington found out that the French already had a set up a fort and had a large number of soldiers camped, so he quickly built Fort Necessity. However, the French surrounded and attacked Fort Necessity. The French captured Washington in this attack. Luckily, Washington was released based on the earlier agreements of the British and French. These first several battles fought were the beginnings of the French and Indian War. The next  year, Washington volunteered to be the aide of General Edward Braddock because he was discouraged and angered by the defeat. At that time, Washington tried to convince Braddock to use the style of fighting of the Native Americans, but Braddock disagreed and used the regular fighting technique. Braddock was mortally wounded in this battle and Washington was nearly injured because of four bullets that ripped his coat and two horses that were shot from under him. After the French and Indian War, Washington was 26 years old and fell in love with Martha Dandridge Custis. She was a wealthy widow with her two children, Martha â€Å"Patsy† and John Parke. They married and moved to Mount Vernon where Lawrence once lived. Washington was very successful in farming there. While they lived in Mount Vernon, Washington was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses from 1759 to 1774 and he strongly against the British Stamp Act and the Townsend Act which set taxes on many products. Washington like many others did not buy these taxed products and boycotted them. In the middle of 1774, Washington thought that the many British laws were striving to stop self-government within the colonies and were attempting to have tyrannical rule over the colonies as the King had over England. Washington was one of the few that proposed of a continental congress to be held to govern the colonies. He was elected to be a delegate of Virginia for the First Continental Congress. The Congress created a new government devoted to overthrow unfair rule of Britain. The Second Continental Congress joined together on May 10, 1775, after the fighting of Lexington and Concord had took place. Surrounded by almost 14,000 of Massachusetts’s soldiers, the British army was trapped in Boston. The British government announced that Massachusetts had committed treason after this rebellion, and were trying to take over MA. Washington appeared at the Second Congress in full uniform conveying the message that he was in support of Massachusetts. Congress created the Continental Army for this reason to fight the British. Washington was unanimously elected as general and commander in chief of the army. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington’s actions were left to him because the Congress could not provide laws to help. Washington was given  full power to do anything with authority to improve the service. As General, Washington lost many battles such as the Battle of Long Island but Washington learned from his many experiences and he began to have many successes such as the Battle of Saratoga which was the turning point of the Revolutionary War. The colonies in this war had a great number of help from other countries, such as France, and Washington became good friends with Marquis de Lafayette. This war was won by the help of the French and Washington’s expertise. After the war, Washington left the power of general and returned back to Mount Vernon to be with his wife. Washington became President on April 30, 1789. Washington did not have any examples to follow of previous Presidents since he was the first. One of the first precedents that Washington set was to have only two terms in office. This precedent was followed until 1940. Another was to have the Cabinet contain two leaders of different ideas to balance the Cabinet. Washington appointed John Jay as the Chief Justice because Washington felt he was most suitable. In the Whiskey Rebellion, Washington sent many soldiers to stop the farmers from revolting and the farmers instantly stopped. Washington also pardoned the farmers for their actions because the government’s strength was already shown. This event is very similar to Shay’s Rebellion, but the swift ending of the Whiskey Rebellion showed that the Constitution worked well and strong. In the Spirit of Cincinnatus, Washington left his power after being the General of the Continental Army, and after the Presidency to go back to his farm at Mount Vernon. Each morning he rode his large farm on horseback. Sometimes he rode fifteen miles north of Mount Vernon to watch the building of a new city. The city would be the capital of the United States, named after him, as Washington D.C. Washington died at Mount Vernon of a throat infection in December 14, 1799, after he made his last tour of his property on horseback in the winter weather. It has been said that George Washington was, â€Å"First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen.†

The Trial and Death of Socrates: Linking the Symposium and the Apology

Philosophy, as it is conceived in its classical sense, means love or friendship for wisdom. Although the aforementioned conception is the most widely accepted, there is also another important conception of philosophy which springs from the Socratic-Platonic Dialogues itself; that philosophy is a certain kind of therapeia; that is, the care of one’s soul.Socrates himself believes that the care of one’s soul should be our utmost concern as human beings. Thereby, declaring that â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living. †Socrates’ trial and death as it is recorded by Plato in the Apology is one of the manifestations of Socrates’ commitment to philosophy as the care of the soul and the kind of life which is most appropriate for human beings to live. It is important to note that Socrates’ death could have been avoided if, after hearing the charges against him by his accusers Anytus and Meletus, have opted to admit that his teachings are wrong and go on a voluntary exile; but to do so would mean damaging his own soul and turning his back away from the truth; two things that Socrates is deeply committed to.This paper seeks to explore how the Symposium parallels the charges against Socrates in the Apology. In the Apology, Plato seeks to provide an account of Socrates’ trial and death; the emphasis of which is Socrates’ defense before the Athenian jurors. It is of utmost importance that we bear in mind that the Greek word apologia means defense if we are to arrive at a fuller understanding of the dialogue. The Symposium, on the other hand, deals with two very important topics: the nature of love and of knowledge.In the Apology, there are three main reasons as to why Socrates was put on trial. These may be called as the formal charges against Socrates. In Paul Millet’s book, it is clearly stated: Meletos†¦ has brought this charge and lodged this affidavit against Socrates†¦ Socrates has broken t he law by not acknowledging the gods whom the state acknowledges and introducing new daimonic things. He has also broken the law by subverting the young. The penalty should be death.(34) The foregoing passage lays down the formal charges against Socrates. Although scholars are divided in many issues concerning the supposedly historical account provided by Plato, I think it is unfair based upon the available data that there is no underlying political agenda behind Socrates’ trial and death. There are a number of reasons as to why Socrates may have many enemies. First of all, there is Socrates’ intellectual activities and reputation.Being the philosopher that he is, speculating, asking questions and probing into other people’s beliefs, it is not difficult to see that these activities offended a lot of his interlocutors especially people who are considered as knowledgeable and learned during his time. Second, Socrates’ associations are very much dangerous du ring that time. One may be reminded of Socrates’ uncle Charmides, and Critias; both members of the Thirty Tyrants.Socrates is also associated with Alcibiades, another infamous figure and also one of the key persons in the Symposium. In point of fact, such personal association with these figures is dangerous because of the political climate of the time. This is because during that time, the seat of power in Athens is very much unstable (Brickhouse and Smith 19). Such being the case, Socrates may be said to be in a very difficult situation.This is because Athens (at least, those who were in power during that time) is very critical of those personalities who can influence another upheaval and shift in the balance of power. Socrates’ intellectual activities made the youth of Athens ask questions. All of a sudden, things that are not questioned in the past are now being questioned. For some, such activities are considered dangerous and qualify as corrupting the youth of Ath ens. Socrates then, is considered as a threat to Athens and democracy.In the Symposium, we can identify an instance where Socrates questions the gods. As they were discussing love, Socrates presents a view which may be said to run against the Athenian law (and this may be related to the first formal charge against Socrates, that is, of not worshipping the gods). As Socrates makes mention of Diotima’s view about love and his agreement to her, one may say that Socrates is open to talking about and even questioning the sacred and profane.It is important to note that in the past, these things are not the type of things that is openly discussed especially in terms of questioning the gods. In the same dialogue, Symposium that is, one may notice that Alcibiades is very much attracted to Socrates and is always making ways to be alone with him. If Plato’s account is accurate, however, Socrates was able to make manifest his exceptional self-control and discipline not only in tho ught but also in bodily pleasures.In the final analysis, two important aspects offer us a tenable position as to why Socrates was put to trial and death. First, it is plausible to maintain that it is primarily because of his intellectual activities and philosophical teachings/convictions as the gadfly of Athens. Second, it is also plausible to maintain that those in the seat of power became very much in doubt of Socrates because of his personal associations with the infamous political figures of the time associated with or members of the Thirty Tyrants and traitors.The first and the second reasons may be sum up in one idea; that Socrates’ pursuit of the truth and his openness to talk about and question even the sacred and the profane poses a threat to Athens and democracy. Works Cited Brickhouse, Thomas and Nicholas Smith. Socrates on Trial. US: Oxford University Press, 1990. Millet, Paul. â€Å"The Trial of Socrates Revisited. † European Review of History 12 (2005): 2 3-62 Reeve, C. D. C. Socrates in the Apology: An Essay on Plato’s Apology of Socrates. US: Hackett Publishing, 1990.

Critical Summary of Why Group Representation in Parliament Is Important by Tim Schouls Essays

Critical Summary of Why Group Representation in Parliament Is Important by Tim Schouls Essays Critical Summary of Why Group Representation in Parliament Is Important by Tim Schouls Essay Critical Summary of Why Group Representation in Parliament Is Important by Tim Schouls Essay by: Shakir Jahangir Tim Schouls in his essay, â€Å"Why Group Representation in Parliament Is Important,† argues that the parliamentary representation in Canada is unfair because it doesn’t represent Canada’s social diversity as a whole. He believes that democracy in Canada can be considerably deepened and enhanced when the composition of the House of Commons substantially reflects the social diversity of Canada (for example, Aboriginals, ethnic minorities, visible minorities, gays etc. ) instead of geographical diversity (constituencies). He asserts there’s a big change taking place in Canadian politics; attachment to geography, language, and religion are becoming less important to Canadians while attachments to ethnicity and gender are becoming more significant. Therefore, it’s legitimate to call for a system that reflects this change. The main objective of democracy in a country is to form a parliament that represents its people. But Mr. Schouls complains that in the parliament Canadians are overwhelmingly represented by privileged white males from professional and business background, which undermines the interests of rest of the population that don‘t fit the category. In response to Mr. Redekop’s argument, which states that MPs get elected simply because they are better than their opponents in capturing the vote, Mr. Schouls argues that winning more votes doesn’t necessarily mean better services from the MPs. We elected members of parliament so they can serve us well. Marginalized people in the society will be better represented by those who are like them because their identities carry with them distinctive experiences that are different from white male MPs. Marginalized people can achieve this goal though special guaranteed seats in the parliament. Mr. Schouls then counters Mr. Redekop`s argument, which claims that by paying more attention to gender and ethnicity-based claims to inclusion will farther fuel division amongst Canadians, by saying that unlike the Quebec separatists, which is based on a geographic identity, marginalised people are not asking for separation from Canadian democracy, but rather to be more fully included within them. John H. Redekop, in his essay, â€Å"Group Representation in Parliament Would Be Dysfunctional for Canada,† argues that identity-based group representation in Parliament, with guaranteed seats, is neither desirable not workable in Canada. One of the problems involving this system is that it’s often hard to categorize individuals into different groups. For example, what proportion of Aboriginal blood or French blood is required to be categorized as an Aboriginal or a French-Canadian; who decides who’s who; what about those who identify themselves with multiple identity? Identity-based representation can created tension within a particular group due to lack of representation from sub-groups (e. g. , Indian Muslims vs. Indian Hindus vs. Indian Sikhs). Moreover, it is impossible to accommodate representative from every ethnic background in the House of Commons. Mr. Redekop argues that voters can be represented well without having to elect someone who shares same ethnicity or gender by electing someone who’s competence. He also says that MPs representing ethnic diversity will have little influence in the Parliament due to their small size, which would consistently create minority government, which in turn will result in political and economical instability. Our current single-member district electoral system creates stability and accountability in the government by producing majority governments. Then he argues that simply the ability to represent is not the primary qualification to become an MP, which explains why most female voters vote for candidate or party believed to be the best option or most favourable to them. In a identity-based representation those who are elected to guaranteed seats, Mr. Redekop believes, would be deemed to be second-class MPs because they are elected with special governmental facilitation. As a result, they be less effective in the Parliament. Though, he does recognize that the current system is highly unrepresentative. Having rejected Mr. Schouls idea of identity-based group representation Mr. Redekop suggests that the problem of under-representation can be solved by having half of the House of Commons seats filled by our present form of election, which would enable all Canadians to retain the benefits of having their own MP, and having the other half being filled by a proportional representation system, which would promote unity and goodwill, for example, by allowing a nationally victorious party to have at least some representation from a province where it got a large number of votes but did not come first in any riding. In agreement with Mr. Redekop, I support the dual electoral system because I recognize that the current system is highly unrepresentative but having an identity-based electoral system will be chaotic. People are more concerned with issues like economy and healthcare than who they are being represented. The question is what they are representing? Canada’s ethnic groups (except French-Canadians) and women are dispersed throughout the country; therefore, it will be difficult for a MP to represent the values and needs of members living in different geographic locations because it’s very likely that their values and needs will be different from each other. By having a dual electoral system, a combination of single-member district and identity-based representation, we can experiment with the system and see if we can find a solution to the problem of under representation. Having said that, I also think that Mr. Schouls also has a point. Of course, it will be hard to make sure that all the identity-based groups are represented in the Parliament but we should try the best we can and minimize lack of representation. Mr. Redekop argues that MPs representing ethnic diversity will have little influence in the Parliament due to their small size then he also argues that these groups will become special interest groups in parliament, which are conflicting ideas. Why would anybody or corporation try to influence a group that has no influence in the parliament? Moreover, it likely that special interests would try to influence big parties because they’re more influential. Mr. Redekop blames women for not having more members in the Parliament, though indirectly, by saying that â€Å"most female voters, just like most male voters, tend to vote for the candidate or party that they believe to be the best of the options,† which implies that women are not typically the best options; otherwise, we would have had many more women in the Parliament. Yes, most women do vote sensibly and usually they cast their vote for the male candidates, not because they’re the best choice but because they don’t have a choice. Not many women run for seats in the Parliament because it takes a lot of money to run a campaign and women tend to be less stable financially due to discrimination in our society. Therefore, it’s important that about 51% (the approximate percentage of the number of women in Canada) of the parliamentary seats are kept reserved for them. Mark Charlton and Paul Barker, Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues (Fifth Edition), (Nelson 2006). 252 Mark Charlton and Paul Barker, Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues (Fifth Edition), (Nelson 2006). 52 Mark Charlton and Paul Barker, Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues (Fifth Edition), (Nelson 2006). 254 Mark Charlton and Paul Barker, Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues (Fifth Edition), (Nelson 2006). 253 Mark Charlton and Paul Barker, Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues (Fifth Edition), (Nelson 2006). 257 Mark Charlton and Paul Barker, Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues (Fifth Edition), ( Nelson 2006). 63 Mark Charlton and Paul Barker, Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues (Fifth Edition), (Nelson 2006). 261 Mark Charlton and Paul Barker, Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues (Fifth Edition), (Nelson 2006). 265 Mark Charlton and Paul Barker, Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues (Fifth Edition), (Nelson 2006). 266 Mark Charlton and Paul Barker, Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues (Fifth Edition), (Nelson 2006). 72 Mark Charlton and Paul Barker, Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues (Fifth Edition), (Nelson 2006). 267 Mark Charlton and Paul Barker, Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues (Fifth Edition), (Nelson 2006). 268, 274 Mark Charlton and Paul Barker, Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues (Fifth Edition), (Nelson 2006). 269, 271 Mark Charlton and Paul Barker, Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues (Fifth Edition), (Nelson 2006). 71 Mark Charlton and Paul Barker, Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues (Fifth Edition), (Nelson 2006). 265 Mark Charlton and Paul Barker, Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues (Fifth Edition), (Nelson 2006). 268 Mark Charlton and Paul Barker, Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues (Fifth Edition), (Nelson 2006). 273 Mark Charlton and Paul Barker, Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues (Fifth Edition), (Nelson 2006). 269

Making It Personal

Making It Personal Forging links with individuals who have an idea for a story but lack the writing skills to complete the task can be a lucrative income stream for writers. Personal writing support and advice is immensely satisfying and offers regular, immediate payments. I’ve written for several clients who lacked the writing skills to complete important, highly personal writing projects. One was a hilarious woman who would have provided great scope for a fiction writer as the basis for a character in a chic lit novel. She’d been married twice and had stories of romance, mystery and intrigue that made my hair curl. As well as helping with paragraphing, sequencing of her story and considerable editing, I also advised her about laws to protect individuals from slander, and suggested she should be careful making unfounded and serious allegations about former partners, no matter how true they may have been! She paid me $45 per hour for around 20 hours work in total. Another client wanted help to edit his already complete life story. We worked through several chapters at a leisurely pace, both enjoying the relaxed process of editing and discussing his story. He was happy to pay me $50 per hour for editing, consulting and formatting and layout advice. One day the phone rang. It was his son, telling me his father had been diagnosed with cancer and had only weeks to live. The race was on to get the story finished and fast! There was suddenly no time for planning and conferencing – the book had to be finished and printed now. After several late night editing sessions, the book was done and delivered. He read through his life story book on the last day he was able to sit up alone, and enjoyed seeing his project completed. A deadline has never been quite so critical and a project has never felt quite so important as that one. One client wanted help to adapt her African children’s stories for an English speaking audience. She paid me $50 per hour to suggest changes to her stories so they were readable for a young audience and appropriate for the age group. This called on my skills as a writer and also my experience as a teacher. I was able to suggest how to make the stories marketable for an educational audience as well as a general fiction one, and so increase her chances of publication. Personal writing support for private clients is a three-step process. You need to advertise or seek out clients who want to engage your services. This could be through a small ad in a magazine such as ‘The Genealogist’ (Australian) or Family Tree magazine (USA) or in your local or regional paper. Offer a workshop in your local area about writing a life story and spin some free advertorial in the local paper from this. Workshops on life writing are also good sources for finding potential clients. Next, meet with potential clients to discuss their needs and work out a writing plan. Explain your payment requirements, such as an hourly rate or flat fee for a project. Be clear that you will not be the author of the work but you will provide writing advice and consultation. Explain copyright and plagiarism rules and the importance of thinking carefully about anything they publish in a formal sense. Take care when meeting new clients and always consider your personal safety. Lastly, complete the project with regular updates on progress. Establish an easy invoicing arrangement that suits you both, such as direct payments into your bank account or through Paypal or similar.

Kodak and Fujifilm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 11

Kodak and Fujifilm - Essay Example George Eastman created the Kodak Company whose headquarters are in New York in the late 1880s. Ever since, the company has specialized in the production of imaging and photographic equipment, imaging services as well as such other materials as are used in the photography industry. The popularity of the company has been in photographic film products and such consumables as chemicals and films. Over years, Kodak commanded the larger film and photography industry with its success being associated with such principles as low-cost mass production, international distribution, customer focus as well as extensive advertising. Although the company started with such products as dry photography plates, the company easily embraced innovation and this led to the introduction of the Kodak camera and later on in the early years of 20th century, the company invented the motion camera.Great success followed the operations of the company but was halted by technological advancement and the rise of Fuji film.The Fujifilm Company has risen to command a global reputation in the industry of photography and films. Fujifilm has had its core operations focused on development and production, digital camera sales and servicing, color paper, photographic film, materials for graphic arts, photofinishing materials, optical devices as well as photocopiers and printers among other areas of specialization. Besides, penetrating in an already monopolized industry, the company was able to embrace effective marketing procedures and innovation.

The Education of Professionals Research Proposal

The Education of Professionals - Research Proposal Example According to Hall [(1968) as cited by Fertig (2003)], professionalism can be associated with the performance of the professional in his or her most individual capacity. Hall (1968) identified the role of the professional academic as embodying a belief in serving the public and a sense of autonomy and commitment towards his or her respective profession. This view is also shared by Engel (1970) who regarded professionalism amongst academics as focussing on individuality in the actions and the decision-making process. Exworthy & Halford (1999) have stressed the impact of tighter accountability control within Higher Education particularly for the professionals within the HE sector in order to achieve efficiency [as cited by Fertig (2003)]. In this vein, this paper explores how this has affected the concept of professionalism in Higher Education. The Changing Meaning of Professionals and Professionalism It is true to a large extent that the modern notions of professionals and professionalism have changed considerably due to the changing notions of these concepts over time. As stated in Fertig (2003), Robson (1998) and Harper (2000) share the view that there is a pronounced trend of professional management within the Higher Education sector in England where a distinction can be drawn with and the 'professional' paradigms There is also a pronounced trend of specialization within the professions which is reflected in the way the modern courses and teaching are structured.. This is demonstrated by Koehn (1994:150) for whom professional ethics are â€Å"an institutionalized expression of prevailing public morality†. Abbott (1988) has argued that professionalism and higher professional education share a deep bond. Ethics and Professionalism The problem of ethics within the education of the professions comes in where there is a problem of â€Å"specialization† providing the ability to ask for high fees and higher rewards which some academics have sought to pacify as necessary for the public interest (Abbott, 1988).

Systems Theory and Small Group Communication Essay

Systems Theory and Small Group Communication - Essay Example As the paper discusses  the changing of one part of the system will lead o the change of the entire system because they are interdependent. For instance, one family member who is dysfunctional will affect the entire nuclear family. If one family member has issues with drug abuse or passes away, the rest of the entire family will be impacted. The subsystems and individual family members who comprise of the family system are mutually dependent and influenced upon one another.This discussion highlights that the concept of synergy in the family system occurs where the performance of the entire system collectively will exceed expectations based on the individual ability of each family member. According to the family systems theory, a family will accomplish more by interacting together rather than each member working alone. For example, when the family members work together to improve their financial status, they will easily achieve the common goal as a unit. It is because of the deep di versity that exists among the family members such as the differences in task skills that include abilities, values, perspectives and problem-solving strategies. Negative synergy will also occur where the family members working together will produce a worse result on the basis of the perceived unconstructive abilities and skills of the members.  The systems theory argues that a small or a minimum group size is the best needed group size so as to complete tasks because when the group is too large, problems develop.

Various Components Of Computer Network Structure Information Technology Essay

Various Components Of Computer Network Structure Information Technology Essay What are the various components of Computer Network structure. Explain in brief. Write down the differences between connection oriented and connectionless services. Explain in brief the topologies that are used for broadcasting type of communication. Television channels are 6MHz wide. How many bits/sec. can be sent if four levels digital signals are used? Assume a noiseless channel. Which of the OSI layer handles each of the following: Breaking the transmitted bit stream into frames. Determining which route through the subnet to use. Providing compatibility in data and text. Providing terminal compatibility. Providing facility for remote login. Sketch the Manchester and Differential Manchester encoding for the following bit stream: 0111000111001101 For differential Manchester encoding assume the line is initially in the low state. UPTU 2007-08 Attempt any two parts of the following: (102=20) What do you mean by a computer network? Explain in detail various goals and applications in real life of computer networks. Give different categorization of the computer networks. What are internetworks? How you will categorize internetworks using above categories of computer networks. Give a detail description of the functionality of different layer of OSI model. UPTU 2008-09 Attempt any two parts of the following: (102=20) (i) What do you mean by network topology? Explain in brief any three such network topologies. (ii) What is difference between TCP/IP and OSI model? What are channel types in ISDN to construct the transmission structure of any access link? Explain them. Which types of transmission media are used at physical layer transmission? Give a comparative study of different transmission media in guided media. When unguided media is suitable for transmission? UPTU 2009-10 Attempt any two parts of the following: (102=20) What are the reasons for using layered protocol? A system has an n-layer protocol Hierarchy. Applications generate messages of length M bytes. At each of the layers, an h-byte header is added. What fraction of the network bandwidth is filled with headers? (i) If a binary signal is sent over a 3-kHz channel whose signal-to-noise ratio is 20 dB, what is the maximum achievable data rate? (ii) What is the percent overhead on a T1 carrier; that is, what percent of the 1.544 Mbps are not delivered to the end user? Explain the advantages and disadvantages if any of the following topologies: (i) star (ii) ring (iii) bus (iv) mesh UNIT II UPTU 2006-07 Attempt any four parts of the following: (54=20) Suppose that the string 0101 is used as the bit string to indicate the end of a frame and the bit stuffing rule is to insert a 0 after each appearance of 010 in the original data; thus 010101 would be modified by stuffing to 01001001. In addition, if the frame proper ends in 01, 0 would be stuffed after the first 0 in the actual terminating string 0101. Show how the following would be modified by this rule? 11011010010101011101 Measurements of an infinite user slotted ALOHA channel show that 10% of the slots are idle: (i) What is the channel load, G? (ii) What is throughput? (iii) Is the channel underloaded or overloaded? Consider an error free 64-Kbps satellite channel used to send 512 byte data frames in one direction, with very short acknowledgement coming back the other way. What is the maximum throughput for window sizes of 01 and 07? A bit stream 10011101 is transmitted used the standard CRC method. The generator polynomial is x3 + 1. Show the actual bit string transmitted. Suppose the third bit from the left is inverted during transmission. Show that this error is detected at the receivers end. Explain Basic-Bit-Map (a collision free protocol) used at MAC sublayer. Sixteen stations, numbered 1 through 16, are contending for the use a shared channel by using the adaptive Free Walk Protocol. If all the station whose addresses are prime number suddenly becomes ready at once, how many bit slots are needed to resolve the contention? UPTU 2007-08 Attempt any two parts of the following: (102=20) What is Hamming code? For the following word pattern (message) find out the number of check bit and the bit at eleventh position. If any error is detected, show it. M = 1111 1010 0000 1110 What are medium access control (MAC) protocols? Discuss salient feature of CSMA/CD protocol. Describe the bit stuffing rule used the HDLC protocol. Consider a CSMA/CD network running at 200 Mbps over a 1 Km cable with no repeaters. The signal speed is 2 * 108 m/sec. Compute the minimum frame size. UPTU 2008-09 Attempt any two parts of the following: (102=20) What do you mean by ALOHA? How does slotted ALOHA improve efficiency? SEC(7,4) hamming code can be converted into a double error detecting and single error correcting code (8,4) by using an extra parity check. Construct the generator matrix for the code and show that the code is quasi perfect. Design a decoder for the code. Explain the IEEE 802.3 MAC sublayer frame format. What is the binary exponential back off algorithm? UPTU 2009-10 Attempt any two parts of the following: (102=20) A large population of ALOHA users manage to generate 50 requests/sec, including both originals and retransmissions. Time is slotted in units of 40 msec. What is the chance of success on the first attempt? What is the probability of exactly k collisions and then a success? Explain the working of CSMA/CD protocol. Why there is a minimum frame length restriction in CSMA/CD? Explain the working of GO-BACK N ARQ protocol. How it is different from selective repeat ARQ? UNIT III UPTU 2006-07 Attempt any two parts of the following: (102=20) Write and explain the kinds of shortest path routing Algorithm in brief. Find the shortest path in the following subnet using Dijsktra Algorithm, when the source is fixed but destination is not fixed. Describe the choke-packet method of congestion control. You are also required to explain the variation in the above mentioned algorithm. Explain the concept of Tunnelling in Internetworking. Write down the difference in IPv4 and IPv6. UPTU 2007-08 Attempt any two parts of the following: (102=20) Answer the following question: How is IPv6 different from IP protocol? Convert IP address whose hexadecimal representation is C22F1582 to dotted decimal notation. A class B class network on the internet has a subnet mask of 255.255.240.0. What is the maximum number of hosts per subnet? Explain the purpose of subnetting. What is Link Control Protocol? Give the format of LCP packet. Also how authentication is supported in PPP? Explain. (i) A computer on a 6-Mbps network is regulated by a token bucket. The token bucket is filled at a rate of 1 Mbps. It is initially filled to a capacity with 8 megabit. How long can the computer transmit at the full 6 Mbps? (ii) Discuss the token passing technique used in FDDI. UPTU 2008-09 Attempt any two parts of the following: (102=20) What is the congestion in network layer? Differentiate and explain Leaky-Bucket algorithm and Token Bucket algorithm? What is the role of routing algorithm? Explain the working of Distance Vector Routing algorithm with the help of a suitable example. (i) Explain various phases through which a PPP connection goes using transition state diagram. (ii) What is the significance of IP address classification? What problems of IPv4 are being addressed by IPv6? UPTU 2009-10 Attempt any two parts of the following: (102=20) A computer on a 6-Mbps network is regulated by a token bucket. The token bucket is filled at a rate of 1 Mbps. It is initially filled to capacity with 8 megabits. How long can the computer transmit at the full 6 Mbps? Give a classification of IP addresses used in the Internet. Suppose that instead of using 16 bits for the network part of a class B address originally, 20 bits had been used. How many class B networks would there have been? (i) The protocol field used in the IPv4 header is not present in the fived IPv6 header. Write your justification. (ii) IPv6 uses 16-byte addresses. If a block of 1 million addresses is allocated every picosecond, how long will the addresses last? UNIT IV UPTU 2006-07 Attempt any two parts of the following: (102=20) Describe Transmission Control Protocols (TCP) Transmission policy. Explain the Remote Procedure Call with suitable diagram. You are also required to explain the use of RPC in Transport layer. Imagine that a two-way handshake rather than a three-way handshake were used to set up connections. Are deadlocks now possible? Give an example or how what none exist. UPTU 2007-08 Attempt any two parts of the following: (102=20) Why does UDP exist? Would it not have been enough to just let user processes send raw IP packets? What are two army problem and a three way handshake? State the elements of transport protocol. Describe the feature of the following devices: Routers Bridges Gateway UPTU 2008-09 Attempt any two parts of the following: (102=20) A TCP connection is using a window size of 1000 B and the previous acknowledgement no was 22,001. It receives a segment with acknowledgement no 24,001. Draw a diagram to show the situation of the window after and before the acknowledgement is received. If the window size is change to 11000B and 9000B separately, than what will be the situation? Discuss the issue to be considered in designing different layers. (i) What is user datagram protocol? Give its datagram format. (ii) Would it not have been enough to just let user processes send raw IP packets? Give reason in support to your answer. UPTU 2009-10 Attempt any two parts of the following: (102=20) Draw the TCP header format and explain its various fields. A TCP machine is sending full windows of 65,535 bytes over a 1-Gbps channel that has a 10-msec one way delay. What is the maximum throughput achievable? What is the line capacity? Explain Connection Management at the transport layer in detail. UNIT V UPTU 2006-07 Attempt any two parts of the following: (102=20) Explain the architecture of Electronic Mail (i.e. E-mail). Describe the concept of Domain name System in brief. Explain the working of server side in the architectural overview of World-Wide-Web (WWW). UPTU 2007-08 Attempt any two parts of the following: (102=20) One secret key encryption method involves the permutation of bits. For example an 8 bit plain text is permuted, bit 8 becomes bit 3, bit 1 becomes bit 2 and so on. Draw a diagram to show the mapping of each bit to its new designation. Scramble the bits as you please. What is encryption and decryption algorithm? What do you mean by following : HTTP SNMP How MPEG file format is different from JPEG file format? Encode the following message using Huffman coding: INDIAN INNING Write short note on one of the following : Network security and cryptography Electronic mail and FTP. UPTU 2008-09 Attempt any two parts of the following: (102=20) One secret key encryption method involves the XOR operation. A bit patter (plaintext) of a fixed size in XORed with a block of bits of the same size to create to fixed sized cipher text. What is the encryption algorithm here? What is the decryption algorithm here? Remember that an XOR algorithm is a reversible algorithm. (i) Why do we need Domain name space when we can directly use an IP address? (ii) What is trivial file transfer protocol? How it is different from simple FTP? (i) What is the role of digital signature in cryptography? (ii) What is JPEG standard? How it is different from JPEG 2000? UPTU 2009-10 Attempt any four parts of the following: (54=20) Can a query message in DNS have one question section but the corresponding response message have several answer sections? Describe the addressing system used by SMTP. Describe the functions of the two FTP connection. What is anonymous FTP? Compare the way SMTP and HTTP transfer images. Which one do you think is more efficient? Why? The Diffie-Hellman key exchange is being used to establish a secret key between Alice and Bob. Alice sends Bob (719, 3, 191). Bob responds with (543). Alices secret number, x, is 16. What is the secret key? Can IPsec using AH be used in transport mode if one of the machines is behind a NAT box? Explain your answer.

Dr. Abdus Salam :: biographies biography bio

Dr. Salam was born in the small village of Jhang, present day Pakistan in 1926 where he attended the first few years of school. His father was an official in the Department of Education for the poor farming district. A fast learner Dr. Salam attended the University of the Punjab at the age of 13 and at the age of 14 he received the highest numbers ever recorder for the Matriculation Examination at the university. Due to his outstanding grades he received a full scholarship to the Government College, University of Punjab. In 1946 he obtained his MA in physics and then that very same year he was awarded with a scholarship to St. John's College, Cambridge where he got a double BA with honors in mathematics and physics in 1949 and then a Ph. D in Theoretical Physics from Cambridge in 1952. At this point in his he had already received the Smith's Prize by the University of Cambridge for the most outstanding pre-doctoral contribution to physics (1950). Then in 1951 Dr. Salam returned to his roots to teach mathematics at the Government College, Lahore, Pakistan. Since Dr. Salam was a man who was very devoted to his religion and because he belonged to the Ahmadiyya Muslim sect, considered heretical by many Muslims, he decided to leave his beloved Pakistan when the stigma of being a part of the Ahmadiyya sect became too much and the realization that he would not be able to continue his research in physics in such conditions. So in 1954 Dr. Salam left Pakistan for a lectureship at Cambridge. After many years of contributions to the world of physics at many different schools and institutions, including, Cambridge, London University, Imperial College of London, Institute of Advanced Study in Princeton, and many others, in 1979 Dr. Salam received a Nobel Prize in physics for the work he had done in the electroweak theory, "which is the mathematical and conceptual synthesis of the electromagnetic and weak interactions-the latest stage reached until now on the path towards the unification of the fundamental forces of nature. Salam, Sheldon Glashow, and Steven Weinberg arrived at the theory independently and shared the prize." (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam). At this point he finally felt he had gotten the love of his beloved Pakistan and served on many Pakistani comities. Quantum Electrodynamics or QED is the quantum field theory which describes the properties of the electromagnetic forces. All forces or interactions of nature are thought to be comprised of 4 basic forces, Gravity, Electromagnetism, Strong nuclear force, and the Weak nuclear force.

Social Effects of the American Revolution

The Patriots’ victory of the American Revolution changed the lives of the colonists. The effects of the Revolution were both positive and negative. Women were positively changed because of the American Revolution. They obtained more rights; property rights moved within reach. Women were granted more than they ever had. Women, like Abigail Adams, hoped to have men remember that they had talents and abilities beyond those of a housekeeper. In addition to women, the lives of slaves were affected by the Revolution. Because many slaves had enlisted in the Continental Army, slaves in the north were liberated; however, the south viewed slaves as a necessity to benefit the economy and were not so generous in freeing slaves. Slaves that served with the British left with them at the end of the war. Many slaves left America and journeyed to the British West Indies, Canada and Africa. Although the Revolution positively affected the lives of women and African Americans, there were negative consequences for Native Americans. Because the Proclamation Line was no longer valid, white settlers rushed into Native American territory. The flood of settlers induced conflicts with groups like the Cherokee and the Shawnee. Since many Native Americans had joined sides with the British in the Revolution, America claimed that the Native Americans had lost all their rights. Because of this, Native Americans were considered a â€Å"conquered† nation. The Native Americans didn’t have a representative at the Treaty of Paris and felt that they were not part of the ‘surrender’ agreement. The American Revolution drastically changed the lives of many. It positively affected women and African Americans, but it proved to be detrimental to the Native Americans.

Shc 3.4 Health & Safety, Risk Additional

CYP Core 3. 4 Support children and young people’s health and safety 1. Understand how to plan and provide environments and services that support children and young people’s health and safety. 1. 3Identify sources of current guidance for planning healthy and safe environments and services. As a childcare provider it is my responsibility for the safety of the children in my care. There are a number of legal and regulatory guidance to help protect children and adults in my setting.All staff should be made aware of any potential hazards such as, security, fire, food safety, physical, personal and keeping up to date training on how to deal with these and maintain every one safety, including visitors, family and other colleagues in my setting. The most important legislation in a child care setting is the EYFS that covers all aspect of the welfare of children and young people in all early years setting. NICMA Public Liability Guidance/ Insurance The child minding body which un dertakes public liability insurance for all children within my setting for any claims of injury against the provider.Private Business Car Insurance Car Insurance which covers minded children in my setting for outings and travel between providers home and school environment. Smoking Ban In my setting there is non- smoking policy. Healthly Eating Within my setting I promote a healthly eating plan and advise parents on healthly snacks/foods. Daily Exercise On a daily basis I promote daily exercise weather permitted, for example walking or activities in the garden. Access NI Checks These are carried out on all persons that are entering premises during working hours and children living within the childcare setting over the age of 11 to be vetted also.BSI Kitemark All play equipment within my setting comply with BSI Kitemarks Once every year my setting gets a yearly inspection by a social worker to make sure I meet all the requirements of an early years setting to provide a safe environme nt for children and young people. 3. Understand how to support children and young people to assess and manage risk for them. 3. 2 Explain the dilemma between the rights and choices of children and young people and health and safety requirements. The UN convention on the Rights of the Child clearly identifies the rights of children and young people to learn and develop into adults and be protected from harm† Tassoni 2010 page 145. You can also refer to the Children’s NI order 1995 which refers to all childrens rights to development, and safety rights. Childcare providers have a responsibility to be active in creating the conditions that make children feel that almost anything is possible and achievable. â€Å"The challenge for carers is balancing the need for safety of the child against the need for children and young people to explore risks. Meggitt page 150 Children learn a lot from trying out new experiences for themselves. Many children do not have the experience an d knowledge to judge whether it is a safe choice to explore their own levels of risk taking. Parents and carers have the responsibility to decide the activity is safe and identify possible hazards as children and young people may not make the correct judgement, however children and young people should be given the opportunity to explore in a safe environment under supervision.If we do not enable children to explore risk taking activities they will seek them out when adults are not around. Children and young people need to explore their own levels of risk, but always in a safe environment and with an adult who is able to administer first aid if an accident should happen. We aim to make children aware of health and safety issues to minimise the hazards and risk to enable the children to thrive in a healthy and safe environment. We ensure that the environment that the children are playing in is regularly checked before and during activities. . Understand appropriate responses to accide nts, incidents emergencies and illness in work settings and off site visits. 4. 2 Identify the correct procedures for recording and reporting accidents, incidents, injuries, signs of illness and other emergencies Reporting and recording accidents and incidents, signs of illness and other emergencies: The occurrence of an accident should be reported immediately to the parents/emergency contact name given to me the childcare provider. A procedure for reporting and recording accidents goes in the Accident Report Book.In my setting I need to ensure that I know all relevant procedures and how to deal with them, as I work alone and it’s my sole responsibility to report, record and inform parents and other professionals of all issues relating to the welfare and well-being of children in my setting. It is a legal responsibility to record any incidents or accidents that occur during my day as a childcare provider, as well as the steps taken to manage the incident. Recording these deta ils will help to identify any trends or common incidents that occur, as well as areas that could be addressed to improve safety.This record will be vital in the possible event of legal action. A copy of the illness and injury report form should be submitted to the relevant person. When documenting the occurrence of an illness or injury, briefly note it in the relevant box on the session plan and then record the full details on an illness and injury report form or in an accident record book. At least the following details should be recorded: 1. Date, time and place of incident. 2. Name of ill/injured person. 3. Details of ill/injured and any first aid given. 4. What happened to the casualty immediately afterwards (e. . did the child continue to participate in the days activities, or where they sent home/admitted to hospital, etc) 5. Name and signature of person dealing with the incident. If a child, or member of staff or other visitors goes to hospital from my setting I must inform R IDDOR. If a child is seriously injured I must report the accident/incident to the Health & Safety Executive. I always go back to current policies and procedures within my setting as they can and do change. I take guidance and advice from the social worker in charge of my local area.